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Modes of Calcium Regulation in Ischemic Neuron

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Abstract

Calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation is a major catalytic event. Ca2+ dysregulation leads to neuronal cell death and brain damage result in cerebral ischemia. Neurons are unable in maintaining calcium homeostasis. Ca2+ homeostasis imbalance results in increased calcium influx and impaired calcium extrusion across the plasma membrane. Ca2+ dysregulation is mediated by different cellular and biochemical mechanism, which leads to neuronal loss resulting stroke/cerebral ischemia. A better understanding of the Ca2+ dysregulation might help in the development of new treatments in order to reduce ischemic brain injury. An optimal concentration of Ca2+ does not lead to neurotoxicity in the ischemic neuron. Intracellular Ca2+ act as a trigger for acute neurotoxicity and this cause induction of long-lasting processes leading to necrotic and/or apoptotic post-ischemic delayed neuronal death or of compensatory, neuroprotective mechanisms has increased considerably. Moreover, routes of ischemic Ca2+ influx to neurons, involvement of intracellular Ca2+ stores and Ca2+ buffers, spatial and temporal relations between ischemia-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and neurotoxicity will further increase our understanding about underlying mechanism and they can act as a target for the development of drugs. Here, in our article we are trying to provide a brief overview of various Ca2+ influx pathways involve in ischemic neuron and how ischemic neuron attempts to counterbalance this calcium overload.

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Acknowledgements

Author's acknowledge IMS-BHU, Varanasi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India

    Vineeta Singh, Vijaya Nath Mishra, Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia, Deepika Joshi & Vibha Pandey

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  1. Vineeta Singh
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  2. Vijaya Nath Mishra
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Vijaya Nath Mishra and Vineeta Singh wrote the article. Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia, Deepika Joshi, Abhishek Pathak, and Vibha Pandey helps in write up of the article.

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Correspondence to Vijaya Nath Mishra.

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Singh, V., Mishra, V.N., Chaurasia, R.N. et al. Modes of Calcium Regulation in Ischemic Neuron. Ind J Clin Biochem 34, 246–253 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-019-00838-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-019-00838-9

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