Abstract
This study was conducted to find out the possible underlying mechanism of various manifestation of fluorosis, a disease caused by excess ingestion of fluoride. For this the fluoride belt of Jaipur district was selected. The parameters selected were serum Parathyroid hormone, the levels of which are directly affected by fluoride intake. The levels of serum seromucoid, serum and leucocyte ascorbic acid, serum sialic acid (SSA) reflects ground substance metabolism. The study was conducted on two hundred children, selected from four areas (50 from each area) consuming water containing 2.4, 4.6, 5.6 and 13.6 mg/l of fluoride. Drinking water fluoride and serum fluoride were measured by Ion selective electrode method. Serum parathyroid by RIA and all other parameters were measured spectrophotometrically. The results revealed an increase in levels of fluoride, parathyroid hormone and seromucoid in serum with increasing water fluoride concentrations. Serum Calcium and serum ascorbic acid were found in normal range, how ever leucocyte ascorbic acid were decreased. A high positive correlation among fluoride concentration in drinking water and serum parathyroid hormone (r=0.967), and, serum parathyroid hormone and serum seromucoid concentration (r=0.935) was also observed The results indicated that secondary hyperparathyroidism due to hypocalcemic stress caused by excess fluoride ingestion disturbs normal metabolism of ground substance in calcified tissues of the body reflected as altered levels of the components of ground substance in the serum.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Susheela A K. “Prevention and Control of Fluorosis”, Technical Information for Training cum Awareness Camp for Doctors, Public Health Engineers and other Officers, Published by National Technology Mission of Drinking Water, New Delhi, 1991.
WHO. Guidelines for Drinking Water quality, Vol. 2, World Health Organisation, Geneva 1984: 249pp.
PHED Survey. Fluoride Affected Villages /Habitation.1991–93.
WHO. “Fluorides and Human Health”, Monograph Series No. 59, 1970.
WHO. Fluorine and Fluoride, (Environmental Health Criteria 36). World Health Organization, Geneva, 1984: 93pp.
Bronner F. Parathyroid effects on sulfate metabolism: interrelationship with calcium. In: Greep RO, Talmage RV and Charles C Thomas, ediors. The parathyroids. Springfield, Illinois, USA, 1961:123–143.
Bordier PHJ, Chot ST. Quantitative histology of metabolic bone disease. In: Mac Intyre I, editor. Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism. WB Saunders company ltd. London. 1972, 1(1): 204–213.
Cramer CF, Suiker AP, Copp DH. Effect of Parathyroid extract on glycoprotein and polysaccharide component of serum and tissue. In: Greep RO, Talmage RV and Charles C Thomas, ediors. The parathyroids. Springfield, Illinois, USA, 1961:144–157.
Mayes PA. Carbohydrates of physiologic significance. In: Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA and Rodwell VW, editors. Harper’s Biochemistry, 25th edn,. Appleton & Lange. Stamford, Connecticut, 2000: 149–159.
Canon DC, Olitzky I, Inkpen JA. Proteins. In: Henry RJ, Canon DC and Winkelman JW, editors. Clinical Chemistry — Principals and Technics. 2nd edn, Harper and Row publishers, Newyork, 1974: 405–502.
Murray RK, Keeley FW. The extracellular matrix. In: Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA and Rodwell VW, editors. Harper’s Biochemistry, 25th edn, Appleton & Lange. Stamford, Connecticut. 2000: 695–714.
Teotia SPS, Teotia M, Singh DP, editors. Bone static and dynamic histomorphometry in endemic fluorosis. In: Fluoride Research 1985, studies in Environmental Science, vol. 27. Elsevier science publishers BV, Amsterdam, 1985: 347–355.
Dean HT. Classification of mottled enamel diagnosis. J Am Dent Assoc 1934: 21:1421–1426.
Fuchs C, Dom D, Fuchs CA, Henning HV, Mecintosh C, Scheler F. Fluoride determination in plasma by ion selective electrode: a simplified method for the clinical laboratory. Clin Chim Acta 1975:60: 157–167.
Lindall AW, Ells JE, Roos B. Estimation of biologically active intact parathyroid hormone in normal and hyperparathyroid sera by sequential N-terminal immunoextraction and midregion radioimmunoassay. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1983; 57: 1007.
Weimer HE, Mohsin JR. Seromucoid estimation using orcinol reaction adopted by Rimington. Am Rev Tuberc Pulmonary Diseases 1952; 68: 594.
Seibert FB, Pfaff ML, Seibert MV. Serum sialic acid estimation by tryptophane perchloric acid reaction. Arch Biochem1948; 18: 279.
Varley H, editor. Determination of ascorbic acid in blood and plasma. Practical clinical biochemistry, 4th edn, William Heinemann Medical books Ltd. and Interscience books Inc. New York, 1975: 635-637pp.
Denson KW, Bowers EF. The determination of ascorbic acid in white blood cells. Clin Sci 1961; 21: 157–158.
Shusheela AK, Jha M. Effect of fluoride on glycosaminoglycans of cancellous and cortical bone of rabbit. Experientia 1981; 37: 1097–1099.
Gupta SK, Gupta RC, Seth AK, Gupta A. Reversal of fluorosis in children, Acta Paediatrica Japonica 1996; 38: 513–519.
Khandare AL, Harikumar R, Sivakumar B. Severe bone deformities in young children from vitamin D deficiency and fluorosis in Bihar-India. Calcif Tissue Int 2005 Jun;76(6): 412–418
Jha M, Shusheela AK, Neelam Krishna, Rajyalaxmi K, Venkiah K. Excessive ingestion of fluoride and the significance of sialic acid: glucosaminoglycans in the serum of rabbit and human subjects. Clin toxicol 1983; 19(10): 1023–1030.
Rao RL. Recent advances in research on fluoride toxicity and fluorosis. ICMR bulletin vol. 3(March), Indian Council of Medical Research 1979: 1-4pp.
Pandit CG, Raghavachari TNS, Rao DS, Krishnamurti V. Endemic fluorosis in South India: A study of the factors involved in the production of mottled enamel and severe bone manifestations in adults. Indian Journal of Medical Research 1940;28:533–558.
Jenkins GN, Venkateswarlu P, Zipkin I. Physiological effects of small doses of fluoride. In: Fluoride and human health, Geneva, World Health Organization. 1970: 177-9 pp.
Cobb J. The morphological distribution of Glycogen and Glycoproteins in the cells and Extra Cellular Materials of Growing Bones, M.S. Thesis, University of Illinois, 1948.
Armstrong WD, Messer H, Singer L. Effect of bone fluoride on bone resorption and metabolism. In: Friedrich Kuhlen cordt and Hans Peter Kruse, editors. Calcium Metabolism, bone and metabolic bone diseases. Proceedings of the X European Symposium on calcified tissues, Hamburg (Germany), 16–21 September 1973, Springer-verlag Berlin. Heidelberg. Newyork, 1975: 132-133pp.
Jowsey I, Riggs BL, Kelly PJ. Long term experience with fluoride and fluoride combination treatment of osteoporosis. In: Friedrich Kuhlen cordt and Hans Peter Kruse, editors. Calcium Metabolism, bone and metabolic bone diseases. Proceedings of the X European Symposium on calcified tissues, Hamburg (Germany), 16–21 September 1973, Springer-verlag Berlin. Heidelberg. Newyork, 1975: 151–154pp.
Engel MB. Mobilization of mucoprotein by parathyroid extract. A.M.A Archieves of Pathology. 1952; 53: 339–351.
Harinarayan CV, Kochupillai N, Madhu SV, Gupta N, Meunier PJ. Fluorotoxic metabolic bone disease: an osteo-renal syndrome caused by excess fluoride ingestion in the tropics. Bone 2006 Oct;39(4):907–914.
Srivastava RN, Gill DS, Moudgil A, Menon RK, Thomas M, Dandona P. Normal ionised Calcium, Parathyroid hypersecretion, and elevated Osteocalcin in a family with Fluorosis. Metabolism 1989; 38(2): 120–124.
Mikhailova NN, Anokhina AS, Ulanova EV, Fomenko DV, Kizichenko NV. Experimental studies of pathogenesis of chronic fluoride intoxication. Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter 2006; (3):19–21.
Waddington RJ, Embery G, Hall RC. The influence of fluoride on proteoglycan structure using a rat odontoblast in vitro system. Calcif-Tissue-Int 1993 (May); 52(5): 392–398.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gupta, S.K., Gupta, R.C., Gupta, K. et al. Changes in serum seromucoid following compensatory hyperparathyroidism: A sequel to chronic fluoride ingestion. Indian J Clin Biochem 23, 176–180 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-008-0039-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-008-0039-x