Zusammenfassung
Schwere Fehlbisse, die im Rahmen einer kombinierten kieferorthopädisch-kieferchirurgischen Behandlung der chirurgischen Korrektur bedürfen, sind häufig assoziiert mit transversalen Diskrepanzen der Kiefer. Das Ausmaß der notwendigen Korrektur kann so umfangreich werden, dass aus Gründen der Stabilität ein zweizeitiges operatives Vorgehen bevorzugt wird, wobei zuerst die transversalen Diskrepanzen durch die transversale Oberkieferdistraktion und ggf. die mediane Unterkieferdistraktion korrigiert werden. Der zweite Eingriff zur Beseitigung des Fehlbisses erfolgt 1 Jahr später. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht zu Diagnostik, Planung, Therapie und Ergebnissen der transversalen Distraktion von Ober- und Unterkiefer. Abhängig von der Lokalisation des transversalen skeletalen Defizits können mit unterschiedlichen Distraktoren und Osteotomieschemata individualisierte Distraktionsmuster erzielt werden. Die chirurgische Vorgehensweise wird ausführlich beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse zweier klinischer Studien über die skeletalen und dentalen Effekte der transversalen Oberkieferdistraktion und medianen Unterkieferdistraktion werden vorgestellt.
Abstract
The treatment of malocclusions classically consists of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Severe cases are frequently associated with transversal discrepancies between the maxilla and mandible. The simultaneous surgical treatment of malocclusions in the vertical and anteroposterior dimensions associated to a large extent with transversal maxillary deficiency frequently results in transversal occlusal instability. In these cases double spaced procedures with primary correction of the transversal discrepancy by surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion and when indicated by mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis are preferred. The second intervention to correct the malocclusion is carried out 1 year later. This article gives an overview on the diagnostics, planning, therapy and results of transversal distraction of the maxilla and mandible. Depending on whether the transversal deficiency is predominantly anterior or posterior, various distraction devices and different osteotomy schemes allow individualized distraction patterns. The surgical procedures are described in detail. The results of two clinical studies analyzing the skeletal and dental effects of surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion and mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis are presented.
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Zoder, W., Eisenhart, G. & Wangerin, K. Therapie transversaler Diskrepanzen in der orthognathen Chirurgie. MKG-Chirurg 4, 160–170 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12285-011-0211-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12285-011-0211-9