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Fungal Respiratory Colonization and Infections in Cystic Fibrosis Patients in the Middle East

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that can progressively affect multiple organs including respiratory tract. CF has been believed to occur infrequently in the Middle East (ME). However, it seems that CF maybe more common in ME countries than expected before. Despite the fact that surveillance of fungal infections is essential, data in the ME region remain scarce. This narrative review aims to evaluate the previously published data on the prevalence of fungal respiratory colonization and infections, spectrum of isolated fungi from the respiratory tract, and antifungal treatment in CF patients across ME countries.

Recent Findings

Among different opportunistic fungal pathogens, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida species were reported as the most prevalent mold and yeast like fungi isolated from respiratory tract of CF patients from ME countries. A. fumigatus was reported as the common filamentous colonizing fungi of the respiratory tract of CF patients from Turkey in the range 10.4–76.3%. Colonization due to Aspergillus also showed the highest frequency for A. fumigatus (50.0%) in CF patients from Qatar. However, in a more comprehensive study from Iran, A. flavus was the most common. Scedosporium spp. has not been reported in CF patients from ME countries except for one study in Iran.

Summary

Future efforts should focus on improving laboratory capacities in ME for detection of common and rare fungal pathogens. National CF registries could help to collect more systematic data on fungal colonization and infection in patients in the ME.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Mohammad T. Hedayati & Mona Ghazanfari

  2. Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Mohammad T. Hedayati, Mona Ghazanfari, Bahador Nikoueian Shirvan, Sabrieh Asadi Shahi Sarae, Somayeh Ghanbari, Sanaz Yaalimadad & Shima Parsay

  3. Student Research Committee, Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Bahador Nikoueian Shirvan, Sabrieh Asadi Shahi Sarae, Somayeh Ghanbari, Sanaz Yaalimadad & Shima Parsay

  4. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Shakiba Hedayati

  5. Noor Health Services Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Sari, Iran

    Neda Hedayati

  6. Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Martin Hoenigl

  7. BioTechMed, Graz, Austria

    Martin Hoenigl

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Contributions

M.T.H., M.G., B.N.S., S.A.S., S.G., S.Y., S.P., S.H. and N.H. wrote the different part of the manuscript text and B.N.S. prepared figure and table. M.T.H. and M.H. conceptualized, supervised, reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mohammad T. Hedayati.

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Hedayati, M.T., Ghazanfari, M., Shirvan, B.N. et al. Fungal Respiratory Colonization and Infections in Cystic Fibrosis Patients in the Middle East. Curr Fungal Infect Rep 18, 40–50 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-024-00486-4

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