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Genomic Evolution and Recombination Dynamics of Human Adenovirus D Species: Insights from Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis

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Abstract

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) can infect various epithelial mucosal cells, ultimately causing different symptoms in infected organ systems. With more than 110 types classified into seven species (A–G), HAdV-D species possess the highest number of viruses and are the fastest proliferating. The emergence of new adenovirus types and increased diversity are driven by homologous recombination (HR) between viral genes, primarily in structural elements such as the penton base, hexon and fiber proteins, and the E1 and E3 regions. A comprehensive analysis of the HAdV genome provides valuable insights into the evolution of human adenoviruses and identifies genes that display high variation across the entire genome to determine recombination patterns. Hypervariable regions within genetic sequences correlate with functional characteristics, thus allowing for adaptation to new environments and hosts. Proteotyping of newly emerging and already established adenoviruses allows for prediction of the characteristics of novel viruses. HAdV-D species evolved in a direction that increased diversity through gene recombination. Bioinformatics analysis across the genome, particularly in highly variable regions, allows for the verification or re-evaluation of recombination patterns in both newly introduced and pre-existing viruses, ultimately aiding in tracing various biological traits such as virus tropism and pathogenesis. Our research does not only assist in predicting the emergence of new adenoviruses but also offers critical guidance in regard to identifying potential regulatory factors of homologous recombination hotspots.

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Data availability

The supporting data for this study can be obtained from the corresponding authors upon a reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (2021R1F1A1063240).

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  1. The Laboratory of Viromics and Evolution, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea

    Anyeseu Park, Chanhee Lee & Jeong Yoon Lee

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A.P. collected adenovirus sequences from NCBI, performed all bioinformatics analyses, and wrote the manuscript; C.L. contributed to proteotyping and virus sequence collection; J. L. supervised the writing and experiments.

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Correspondence to Jeong Yoon Lee.

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Park, A., Lee, C. & Lee, J.Y. Genomic Evolution and Recombination Dynamics of Human Adenovirus D Species: Insights from Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis. J Microbiol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00112-5

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