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Recent advances in genetic engineering tools based on synthetic biology

Journal of Microbiology volume 58, pages 1–10 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

Genome-scale engineering is a crucial methodology to rationally regulate microbiological system operations, leading to expected biological behaviors or enhanced bioproduct yields. Over the past decade, innovative genome modification technologies have been developed for effectively regulating and manipulating genes at the genome level. Here, we discuss the current genome-scale engineering technologies used for microbial engineering. Recently developed strategies, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9, multiplex automated genome engineering (MAGE), promoter engineering, CRISPR-based regulations, and synthetic small regulatory RNA (sRNA)-based knockdown, are considered as powerful tools for genome-scale engineering in microbiological systems. MAGE, which modifies specific nucleotides of the genome sequence, is utilized as a genome-editing tool. Contrastingly, synthetic sRNA, CRISPRi, and CRISPRa are mainly used to regulate gene expression without modifying the genome sequence. This review introduces the recent genome-scale editing and regulating technologies and their applications in metabolic engineering.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2018R1A5A1025077). This research was also supported by Chung-Ang University Research Scholarship Grants in 2018.

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  1. School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea

    Jun Ren, Jingyu Lee & Dokyun Na

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  1. Jun Ren
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Ren, J., Lee, J. & Na, D. Recent advances in genetic engineering tools based on synthetic biology. J Microbiol. 58, 1–10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9334-x

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Keywords

  • CRISPR
  • MAGE
  • promoter engineering
  • CRISPRi
  • CRISPRa
  • synthetic sRNA
  • metabolic engineering
  • genome-scale engineering