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Secondary solar heat gain modelling of spectral-selective glazing based on dynamic solar radiation spectrum

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Abstract

The secondary solar heat gain, defined as the heat flows from glazing to indoor environment through longwave radiation and convection, grows with the increasing of glazing absorption. With the rapid development and application of spectrally selective glazing, the secondary solar heat gain becomes the main way of glazing heat transfer and biggest proportion, and indicates it should not be simplified calculated conventionally. Therefore, a dynamic secondary solar heat gain model is developed with electrochromic glazing system in this study, taking into account with three key aspects, namely, optical model, heat transfer model, and outdoor radiation spectrum. Compared with the traditional K-Sc model, this new model is verified by on-site experimental measurements with dynamic outdoor spectrum and temperature. The verification results show that the root mean square errors of the interior and exterior glass surface temperature are 3.25 °C and 3.33 °C, respectively, and the relative error is less than 10.37%. The root mean square error of the secondary heat gain is 13.15 W/m2, and the dynamic maximum relative error is only 13.2%. The simulated and measured results have a good agreement. In addition, the new model is further extended to reveal the variation characteristics of secondary solar heat gain under different application conditions (including orientations, locations, EC film thicknesses and weather conditions). In summary, based on the outdoor spectrum and window spectral characteristics, the new model can accurately calculate the increasing secondary solar heat gain in real time, caused by spectrally selective windows, and will provide a computational basis for the evaluation and development of spectrally selective glazing materials.

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Abbreviations

c :

specific heat capacity (J/(kg·°C))

EC:

electrochromic

G K, F′ K :

energy input

G′ K, F K :

energy output

h c :

convective heat transfer coefficient (W/(m2·°C))

h r :

radiant heat transfer coefficient (W/(m2·°C))

I :

solar radiation intensity (W/m2)

i 1, i 2 :

angle of incidence and refraction (°)

K :

heat transfer coefficient (W/(m2·°C))

k eff :

extinction coefficient (mm−1)

L :

optical path (mm)

n 1, n 2 :

refractive index

R :

thermal resistance (m2·K/W)

r :

front and back reflection percentage

RE:

relative error

RMSE:

root mean square error

SSHG:

secondary solar heat gain (W/m2)

SSHGF:

secondary solar heat gain factor

T :

temperature (°C)

v :

wind speed (m/s)

Δx :

thickness (m)

α K→K+1 :

absorbance from interface K to K+1

β′:

equivalent back reflectance

β :

equivalent front reflectance

ε :

emissivity

λ :

thermal conductivity (W/(m2·°C))

ρ :

density (kg/m3)

σ :

Stefan-Boltzmann constant (W/(m2·K4))

τ K→K+1 :

absorptance between interface K and K+1

φ :

equivalent front transmittance

ϕ(λ):

measured solar radiation spectrum (W/(m2·nm))

1,2,3,4:

node number

i:

indoor environment

K :

interface

K→K+1:

optical path from K to K+1 interface

o:

outdoor environment

total:

total thermal resistance of windows

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51808011) and the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (2022NSCQ-MSX5521).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China

    Peng Xue, Yi Shen, Yanyun Zhang & Yuying Sun

  2. Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China

    Peng Xue, Yi Shen, Yanyun Zhang & Yuying Sun

  3. State Grid Zhongxing CO., LTD, Lvyuan Branch, Beijing, 100761, China

    Sheng Ye

  4. College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China

    Jinqing Peng

  5. Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China

    Qianqian Zhang

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  1. Peng Xue
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Contributions

Peng Xue: conceptualization, project administration, funding, supervision, writing—review & editing. Yi Shen: material preparation, data curation, software, visualization, writing. Sheng Ye: software, data curation, validation, analysis, writing. Jinqing Peng: conceptualization, visualization, formal analysis. Yanyun Zhang: investigation, software. Qianqian Zhang: data curation, writing—review & editing. Yuying Sun: validation, writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Peng Xue.

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Xue, P., Shen, Y., Ye, S. et al. Secondary solar heat gain modelling of spectral-selective glazing based on dynamic solar radiation spectrum. Build. Simul. 16, 2211–2224 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-023-0986-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-023-0986-4

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