Abstract
We propose to solve two important engineering design challenges associated to the optimal placement of jet fans in a car park, by means of CFD. Given a proposed arrangement of jet fans, we provide a simulation framework for rigorous identification of those fan units (if any) that do not contribute to improving the overall air quality in the enclosure. Based on this statistical analysis, we then solve the following constrained optimization problem: Given maximum fan capacities and an air quality level requirement, establish a minimum-cost fan configuration which meets it for the car park in question. The proposed optimization framework is illustrated by an example from an actual car park.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Betta V, Cascetta F, Musto M, Rotondo G (2009). Numerical study of the optimization of the pitch angle of an alternative jet fan in a longitudinal tunnel ventilation system. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 24: 164–172.
Box GE, Hunter JS, Hunter WG (2005). Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery, 2nd edn. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
Burrel RA, Bennett S (1995). Recent developments in the ventilation of coal mines. Coal International, 243: 147–150.
Chammema T, Vauquelina O, Mhirib H (2014). Performance evaluation of alternative tunnel longitudinal ventilation systems using two inclined jets. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 41: 53–61.
Deckers X, Haga S, Sette B, Merci B (2013). Smoke control in case of fire in a large car park: Full-scale experiments. Fire Safety Journal, 57: 11–21.
Durand-Estebe B, Le Bota C, Mancos JN, Arquis E (2013). Data center optimization using PID regulation in CFD simulations. Energy and Buildings, 66: 154–164.
Ecim-Djuric O, Topisirovic G (2010). Energy efficiency optimization of combined ventilation systems in livestock buildings. Energy and Buildings, 42: 1165–1171.
Eftekharian E, Dastan A, Abouali O, Meigolinedjad J, Ahmadi G (2014). A numerical investigation into the performance of two types of jet fans in ventilation of an urban tunnel under traffic jam condition. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 44: 56–67.
Franklin MF, Bailey RA (1977). Selection of defining contrasts and confounded effects in two-level experiments. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society C, 26: 321–326.
Gunst RF, Mason RL (2009). Fractional factorial design. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 1: 234–244.
HM Government (2010). The Building Regulations 2000: F1—Means of ventilation. Available at http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/uploads/br/BR PDF ADF 2010.pdf.
Karki KC, Patankar SV, Rosenbluth EM, Levy SS (2000). CFD model for jet fan ventilation systems. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Aerodynamics and Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels-Principles, Analysis & Design, BHR Group Conference Series 43, pp. 335–380.
Li JS, Chow W (2003). Numerical studies on performance evaluation of tunnel ventilation safety systems. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 18: 435–452.
Liu M, Tilton JN (2010). Spatial distributions of mean age and higher moments in steady continuous flows. AIChE Journal, 56: 2561–2572.
Merci B, Shipp M (2013). Smoke and heat control for fires in large car parks: Lessons learnt from research? Fire Safety Journal, 57: 3–10.
Nga KC, Kadirgamab K, Ngc EYK (2008). Response surface models for CFD predictions of air diffusion performance index in a displacement ventilated office. Energy and Buildings, 40: 774–781.
Siddiqui M, Jayanti S, Swaminathan T (2012). CFD analysis of dense gas dispersion in indoor environment for risk assessment and risk mitigation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 209–210: 177–185.
Stavrakakis GM, Zervas PL, Sarimveis H, Markatos NC (2012). Optimization of window-openings design for thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 36: 193–211.
Tilley N, Rauwoens P, Merci B (2011). Verification of the accuracy of CFD simulations in small-scale tunnel and atrium fire configurations. Fire Safety Journal, 46: 186–193.
Giesen BJM, Penders SHA, Loomans MGLC, Rutten PGS, Hensen JLM (2011). Modelling and simulation of a jet fan for controlled air flow in large enclosures. Environmental Modelling and Software, 26: 191–200.
Vega MG, Diaz KMA, Oro JMF, Tajadura RB, Morros CS (2008). Numerical 3D simulation of a longitudinal ventilation system: Memorial tunnel case. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 23: 539–551.
Viegas JC (2010). The use of impulse ventilation for smoke control in underground car parks. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 25: 42–53.
Xue Y, Zhai Z, Chen Q (2013). Inverse prediction and optimization of flow control conditions for confined spaces using a CFD-based genetic algorithm. Building and Environment, 64: 77–84.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Immonen, E. CFD optimization of jet fan ventilation in a car park by fractional factorial designs and response surface methodology. Build. Simul. 9, 53–61 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-015-0249-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-015-0249-0