Abstract
Gymnopilus orientispectabilis, also known as “big laughter mushroom,” is a hallucinogenic poisonous mushroom that causes excessive laughter upon ingestion. From the fruiting bodies of G. orientispectabilis, eight lanostane-type triterpenoids (1–8), including seven novel compounds: gymnojunols A-G (2–8), were isolated. The chemical structures of these new compounds (2–8) were determined by analyzing their 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HR-EISMS, and their absolute configurations were unambiguously assigned by quantum chemical ECD calculations and a computational method coupled with a statistical procedure (DP4+). Upon evaluating autophagic activity, compounds 2, 6, and 7 increased LC3B-II levels in HeLa cells to a similar extent as bafilomycin, an autophagy inhibitor. In contrast, compound 8 decreased the levels of both LC3B-I and LC3B-II, and a similar effect was observed following treatment with rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. Our findings provide experimental evidence for new potential autophagy modulators in the hallucinogenic poisonous mushroom G. orientispectabilis.
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The data used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (MSIT; grant numbers 2019R1A5A2027340 and 2021R1A2C2007937). This work was also supported by grants from the KRIBB Research Initiative Program (KGM5292423 and KGM1222413) funded by the Ministry of Science ICT (MSIT) of the Republic of Korea. This work was supported by a grant from Kyung Hee University in 2022 (KHU- 20222218).
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Lee, S., Jang, M., Ryoo, R. et al. New autophagy-modulating lanostane-type triterpenoids from a hallucinogenic poisonous mushroom Gymnopilus orientispectabilis. Arch. Pharm. Res. 47, 272–287 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-024-01486-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-024-01486-1