Abstract
A series of chroman-2-carboxylic acid N-(substituted)phenylamides (2a-s, 3a-j) were synthesized. Their ability to inhibit nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and their antioxidant activity was examined. NF-κB inhibition by chroman compounds was not related to their antioxidant activity. Compounds with -H, -NO2 monosubstituents and -OCH3, -CF3 disubstituents on the phenyl ring were poor inhibitors of NF-kB activity. Compounds with -CH3, -CF3, -Cl monosubstituents or -Cl, -CH3 disubstituents exhibited moderate to good NF-κB activity inhibition (IC50: 18.2–95.8 μM). The most active NF-κB inhibitor, 2s, contained a 4-Cl (IC50: 18.2 μM) substituent on the phenyl ring and was slightly more potent than the compound KL-1156 (1) (IC50: 43.9 μM).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baeuerle, P. A. and Baltimore, D., NF-κB: Ten Years After. Cell, 87, 13–20 (1996).
Dutta, J., Fan, Y., Gupta, N., Fan, G., and Gelinas, C., Current insights into the regulation of programmed cell death by NF-κB. Oncogene, 25, 6800–6816 (2006).
Gilmore, T. D., Introduction to NF-κB: players, pathways, perspectives. Oncogene, 25, 6680–6684 (2006).
Israel, A., Le Bail, O., Hatat, D., Piette, J., Kieran, M., Logeat, F., Wallach, D., Fellous, M., and Kourilsky, P., TNF stimulates expression of mouse MHC class I genes by inducing an NF κB-like enhancer binding activity which displaces constitutive factors. EMBO J., 8, 3793–3800 (1989).
Kim, B. H., Reddy, A. M., Lee, K. H., Chung, E. Y., Cho, S. M., Lee, H., Min, K. R., and Kim, Y., Inhibitory mechanism of chroman compound on LPS-induced nitric oxide production and nuclear factor-kB activation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 325, 223–228 (2004).
Kwak, J.-H., Kim, B. H., Jung, J.-K., Kim, Y., Cho, J., and Lee, H., Structure-Activity Relationships of 6-Hydroxy-7-methoxychroman-2-carboxylic acid N-(substituted)phenylamides as Inhibitors of Nuclear Factor-κB Activation. Arch. Pharm. Res., 30, 1210–1215 (2007).
Lee, H., Lee, K., Jung, J.-K., Cho, J., and Theodorakis, E. A., Synthesis and evaluation of 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-chromanone-and chroman-2-carboxamides as antioxidants. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 2745–2748 (2005).
Ma, Q., Kinneer, K., Ye, J., and Chen, B. J., Inhibition of nuclear factor κB by phenolic antioxidants: interplay between antioxidant signaling and inflammatory cytokine expression. Mol. Pharmacol., 64, 211–219 (2003).
May, M. J. and Ghosh, S., Signal transduction through NF-κB. Immunol. Today, 19, 80–88 (1998).
McKay, L. I. and Cidlowski, J. A., Molecular control of immune/inflammatory responses: interactions between nuclear factorkB and steroid receptor-signaling pathways. Endocr Rev., 20, 435–459 (1999).
Michiels, C., Minet, E., Mottet, D., and Raes, M., Regulation of gene expression by oxygen: NF-κB and HIF-1, two extremes. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 33, 1231–1242 (2002).
Osborn, L., Kunkel, S., and Nabel, G. J., Tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin 1 stimulate the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer by activation of the nuclear factor κB. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 86, 2336–2340 (1989).
Pande, V. and Ramos, M. J., Nuclear factor kappa B: a potential target for anti-HIV chemotherapy. Curr. Med. Chem., 10, 1603–1615 (2003).
Sen, R. and Baltimore, D., Inducibility of k immunoglobulin enhancer-binding protein NF-κB by a posttranslational mechanism. Cell, 47, 921–928 (1986).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kwak, JH., Won, SW., Kim, TJ. et al. Synthesis of chroman-2-carboxylic acid N-(substituted)phenylamides and their inhibitory effect on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Arch. Pharm. Res. 31, 133–141 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-001-1131-4
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-001-1131-4