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New Insights into the Role of Exosomes in the Heart After Myocardial Infarction

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Abstract

Intercellular communications play a pivotal role in several cardiac pathophysiological processes. One subtype of extracellular vesicles, so-called exosomes, became known as important intercellular communication mediators in the heart. Exosomes are lipid bilayer biological nanovesicles loaded with diverse proteins, lipids, and mRNAs/microRNAs. All major cardiac cell types can modulate recipient cellular function via the release of exosomes. After myocardial infarction (MI), exosomes, especially those secreted by different cardiac stem cells, have been shown to confer cardioprotective effects, activate regenerative signals, and participate into cardiac repair. In this review, we rapidly recall the biology of exosomes at the beginning. Then we summarize the exosomes secreted by different myocardial cells and their function in cardiac intercellular communication. At last, we discuss the role of these vesicles in cardiac repair after MI.

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Abbreviations

CMs:

Cardiomyocytes

CPCs:

Cardiac progenitor cells

CDCs:

Cardiospheres-derived cells

ECs:

Endothelial cells

EVs:

Extracellular vesicles

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

EEs:

Early endosomes

FBs:

Fibroblasts

ILVs:

Intraluminal vesicles

iPSCs:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

LEs:

Late endosomes

MVBs:

Multivesicular bodies

miRNAs:

MicroRNAs

MI:

Myocardial infarction

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

SMCs:

Smooth muscle cells

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unité de Physiopathologie Clinique, Département cœur-vaisseaux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7a, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Na Li & Nathalie Rosenblatt-Velin

  2. Research team Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2, EA7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d’Arc, 21079, Dijon, France

    Luc Rochette

  3. FEMTO-ST Institute, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ENSMM, CNRS, 24 rue Savary, F-25000, Besançon, France

    Yongxin Wu

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  1. Na Li
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Correspondence to Na Li.

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Associate Editor Junjie Xiao oversaw the review of this article

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Li, N., Rochette, L., Wu, Y. et al. New Insights into the Role of Exosomes in the Heart After Myocardial Infarction. J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res. 12, 18–27 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-018-9831-z

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