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Tensor Factorization for Precision Medicine in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Abstract

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome that may benefit from improved subtyping in order to better characterize its pathophysiology and to develop novel targeted therapies. The United States Precision Medicine Initiative comes amid the rapid growth in quantity and modality of clinical data for HFpEF patients ranging from deep phenotypic to trans-omic data. Tensor factorization, a form of machine learning, allows for the integration of multiple data modalities to derive clinically relevant HFpEF subtypes that may have significant differences in underlying pathophysiology and differential response to therapies. Tensor factorization also allows for better interpretability by supporting dimensionality reduction and identifying latent groups of data for meaningful summarization of both features and disease outcomes. In this narrative review, we analyze the modest literature on the application of tensor factorization to related biomedical fields including genotyping and phenotyping. Based on the cited work including work of our own, we suggest multiple tensor factorization formulations capable of integrating the deep phenotypic and trans-omic modalities of data for HFpEF, or accounting for interactions between genetic variants at different omic hierarchies. We encourage extensive experimental studies to tackle challenges in applying tensor factorization for precision medicine in HFpEF, including effectively incorporating existing medical knowledge, properly accounting for uncertainty, and efficiently enforcing sparsity for better interpretability.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. Ahmad is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award number T32HL069771. Dr. Shah is supported by the NIH R01 HL107577 and R01 HL127028 and American Heart Association grants #15CVGPSD27260148 and #16SFRN28780016.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 11th Floor, Arthur Rubloff Building, 750 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    Yuan Luo & Faraz S. Ahmad

  2. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Faraz S. Ahmad & Sanjiv J. Shah

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  1. Yuan Luo
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  2. Faraz S. Ahmad
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  3. Sanjiv J. Shah
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Correspondence to Yuan Luo.

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Associate Editor Daniel P. Judge oversaw the review of this article

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Luo, Y., Ahmad, F.S. & Shah, S.J. Tensor Factorization for Precision Medicine in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res. 10, 305–312 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-016-9727-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-016-9727-8

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