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Harnessing the Potential of Adult Cardiac Stem Cells: Lessons from Haematopoiesis, the Embryo and the Niche

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Abstract

Across biomedicine, there is a major drive to develop stem cell (SC) treatments for debilitating diseases. Most effective treatments restore an embryonic phenotype to adult SCs. This has led to two emerging paradigms in SC biology: the application of developmental biology studies and the manipulation of the SC niche. Developmental studies can reveal how SCs are orchestrated to build organs, the understanding of which is important in order to instigate tissue repair in the adult. SC niche studies can reveal cues that maintain SC ‘stemness’ and how SCs may be released from the constraints of the niche to differentiate and repopulate a ‘failing’ organ. The haematopoietic system provides an exemplar whereby characterisation of the blood lineages during development and the bone marrow niche has resulted in therapeutics now routinely used in the clinic. Ischaemic heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and the question remains as to whether these principles can be applied to the heart, in order to exploit the potential of adult SCs for use in cardiovascular repair and regeneration.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all colleagues who have contributed to the recent technical and scientific advances in developmental, HSC, CSC and SC niche biology, including the authors of many papers not cited here due to space restriction. We would also like to thank Louisa Petchey and Sara Howard for editorial comments. P.R.R is funded by a British Heart Foundation Personal Chair Award (CH/11/1/28798) and British Heart Foundation Programme Grant (RG/08/003/25264) and G.M.B is funded by a Wellcome Trust 4 year PhD programme Grant in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology (WT/083345).

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  1. Molecular Medicine Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK

    Gemma M. Balmer

  2. Wellcome Trust PhD Programme in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK

    Gemma M. Balmer

  3. Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK

    Paul R. Riley

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Balmer, G.M., Riley, P.R. Harnessing the Potential of Adult Cardiac Stem Cells: Lessons from Haematopoiesis, the Embryo and the Niche. J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res. 5, 631–640 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-012-9386-3

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