Abstract
We present here a brief description of the path that cholesterol covers from its intestinal absorption to its effects exerted on gene regulation. In particular, the relationship between cholesterol and the protein complexes involved in the intricate gene regulation mechanism implicated in cholesterol homeostasis will be discussed. In addition, a new target role for the pharmacological interventions of one of these factors, the insulin-induced gene (Insig) protein, will be introduced.
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Abbreviations
- HMG-CoAR:
-
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
- HMG-CoAS:
-
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase
- PGDH:
-
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
- DHCR:
-
7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase
- ACC:
-
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- ACAT:
-
Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase
- aa:
-
Amino acid
- APP:
-
Amyloid peptide
- Apo:
-
Apoprotein
- ABC:
-
ATP binding cassette
- bHLH-Lzip:
-
Basic-helix–loop–helix-leucine zipper
- CMs:
-
Chylomicrons
- Cyp7α:
-
Cholesterol 7α hydroxylase
- CETP:
-
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein
- CBP:
-
CREB binding protein
- ADD1:
-
Determination and differentiation factor 1
- ERC:
-
Endocytic recycling compartment
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- FPP:
-
Farnesyl diphosphate
- FAS:
-
Fatty acid synthase
- GPP:
-
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase
- GPAT:
-
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
- G6PD:
-
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HDL:
-
High-density lipoprotein
- Insig:
-
Insulin-induced gene
- CY51:
-
Lanosterol 14α-demethylase
- LPL:
-
Lipoprotein lipase
- LXR:
-
Liver X receptor
- LDL:
-
Low-density lipoprotein
- LDLr:
-
Low-density lipoprotein receptors
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- ALLN:
-
N-Acetyl-l-leucyl-l-leucyl-norleucinal
- NPC1L1:
-
Nieman-Pick C1-like protein1
- nSREBP:
-
Nuclear SREBP
- PI(3)-kinase:
-
Phosphatidyl inositol (3) kinase
- PM:
-
Plasma membrane
- PKB:
-
Protein kinase B
- PKCk:
-
Protein kinase Ck
- SR-B1:
-
Scavenger receptor class B type 1
- SCAP:
-
SREBP cleavage activating protein
- S1P:
-
Site 1 protease
- S2P:
-
Site 2 protease
- SUMO–1:
-
Small ubiquitin-related modifier-1
- SCD:
-
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase
- SSD:
-
Sterol sensing domain
- SRE:
-
Sterol regulatory element
- SREBPs:
-
Sterol regulatory binding proteins
- S f :
-
Svedberg flotation
- TG:
-
Triglyceride
- VLDL:
-
Very low-density lipoprotein
- DRIP:
-
Vitamin D receptor-integrating protein
- WAT:
-
White adipose tissue
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Acknowledgments
The authors are gratefully indebted to Prof. Anna Trentalance (Full Professor of Physiology, University of “ROMA TRE”) for the helpful discussion.
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Martini, C., Pallottini, V. Cholesterol: from feeding to gene regulation. Genes Nutr 2, 181–193 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12263-007-0049-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12263-007-0049-y