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An Epidemiological Study of Burn Cases from a Single Referral Hospital in Indore, Central Part of India and a Proposal for Burn Prevention and Care Program

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Indian Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Burn injuries are not uncommon, and a decade ago, more than one subject with major burn injury arrived in our emergency department each day. We here report of some basic epidemiological data of burn injury for a period of 11 years and propose an approach for prevention and care of burn. Authors obtained the records of the 5500 patients admitted in tertiary care unit of central India from March 2005 to March 2016. The preclinical, clinical, and stage of resolution variables are included in the customized proforma. Few additional data was available in the case sheets of year 2016 and analyzed separately. Data are analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The mean age was 28.6 years with standard deviation of 13.26. Male to female ratio was 1:1.36. Frequency from neighboring district (51.81%), Hindus (86.83%), accidental intent of burn (85.2%), flame type of injuries (76.45%), kerosene as agent of burn (69.4%), home as place of burn (90.92%) are other recognizable variables. Clinical and outcome variables are total body surface area (> 50%) in 57%, hospital stay (> 3 days) in 61.5%, mortality rate (46%), left against medical advice (LAMA) in 36.4%, and survival rate (15.4%). In a select group of 500 patients, some other useful variables like careless attitude in handling kerosene (84%), illiteracy (74.2%), low socioeconomic status (83.4%), married status (75.8%), and family size (> 3) in 74.8% were recorded. In India, burns are preventable by elimination of kerosene/distribution in closed containers. Community-based prevention program is a must. Author’s “SIREN” reaction plan is for first responders. Authors prepared a burn management guideline for primary healthcare level with an acronym “ALERT-DAY” protocol to decrease morbidity of burn. Upgradation of existing burn center is essential to curb the mortality and LAMA rates and improve the survival.

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Abbreviations

SPSS:

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

LPG:

Liquefied petroleum gas

TBSA:

Total body surface area

LAMA:

Left against medical advice

SIREN:

Acronym for first responder

ALERT-DAY:

Acronym for health personnel

ml:

Milliliter

kg:

Kilogram

gm:

Gram

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Acknowledgments

All fellow faculty members, residents, nursing staff, and class 4 employees of Department of Surgery of MGM Medical College, Indore, were of great help in completing the study. Mr. Kiran Rao of QB computers carried out the documentation of data and statistician. Mr. Pawan helped in statistical analysis. Formative year of burn training of corresponding author at MGM Medical college, Indore, SGS Medical College and KEM Hospital Mumbai, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children Mumbai needs special acknowledgment.

Funding

Not applicable: No financial aids taken during current study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, A.B. Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452001, India

    Sonia Moses, Sachin S Verma, Rajkumar Mathur, Dinesh Goyal, Lukesh Patil, Siddharth Saraf & Brijesh Tiwari

  2. Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, A.B. Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452001, India

    Harish Shukla

Authors
  1. Sonia Moses
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  2. Sachin S Verma
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  3. Rajkumar Mathur
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  4. Harish Shukla
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  5. Dinesh Goyal
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  6. Lukesh Patil
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  7. Siddharth Saraf
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  8. Brijesh Tiwari
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Contributions

Dr. Sonia Moses and Sachin Verma conceptualized the design of study, and they together along with the head of the department Dr. RK Mathur guided the investigator Dr. Dinesh Goyal to carry out the current study. These all were instrumental in project writing and management. Dr. Harish Shukla guided with the data collection and helped with epidemiological and statistical analysis. All other authors contributed in data collection, analysis, study conception and design and they did extensive literature search. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sachin S Verma.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval and consent to participate obtained from ethics and scientific review committee, M.G.M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore. No potential conflicts of interest declared. There is no experimental or interventional study involving human or animal participants, it is an observational medical record analysis. Informed consent obtained as per ethical committee guideline.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Disclosure of Potential Conflict of Interest

There are no conflicts, disclosure of relationships and interests. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical Approval

Ethical approval and consent to participate obtained from ethics and scientific review committee, M.G.M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore.

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Appendix

Appendix

Proforma/structured instrument for documentation of record

  1. 1.

    Inpatient number

  2. 2.

    Name

  3. 3.

    Age

  4. 4.

    Sex

  5. 5.

    Address

    1. a.

      Indore district

    2. b.

      Other district

  6. 6.

    Religion

    1. a.

      Hindu

    2. b.

      Muslim

    3. c.

      Others

  7. 7.

    Literacy

    1. a.

      Illiterate

    2. b.

      Literate

  8. 8.

    Socio economic status

    1. a.

      Low

    2. b.

      Middle

  9. 9.

    Marital status

    1. a.

      Married

    2. b.

      Unmarried

  10. 10.

    Family size

    1. a.

      ≤ 3

    2. b.

      > 3

  11. 11.

    Intent of burn:

    1. a.

      Accident

    2. b.

      Homicide

    3. c.

      Suicide

  12. 12.

    Type of burn:

    1. a.

      Flame

    2. b.

      Electric

    3. c.

      Scald

    4. d.

      Chemical

  13. 13.

    Agent of burn

    1. a.

      Kerosene

      1. i.

        Stove

      2. ii.

        Oil

      3. iii.

        Chimney

    2. b.

      Chulha

    3. c.

      Candle

    4. d.

      Electric current

    5. e.

      Hot water

    6. f.

      Scald

    7. g.

      Acid (including toilet cleaner/battery acid)

    8. h.

      Liquefied petroleum gas

  14. 14.

    Place of burn

    1. a.

      Home/kitchen

    2. b.

      Other

  15. 15.

    State of mind

    1. a.

      Calm and peaceful

    2. b.

      Angry

    3. c.

      Active but careless

  16. 16.

    Total body surface area involved

    1. a.

      0–25%

    2. b.

      26–50%

    3. c.

      51–75%

    4. d.

      76–100%

  17. 17.

    Outcome of interest

    1. a.

      Discharged after recovery

    2. b.

      Left against medical advice

    3. c.

      Transferred to other department

    4. d.

      Absconded without information

    5. e.

      Death

  18. 18.

    Length of hospital stay

    1. a.

      ≤ 3 days

    2. b.

      > 4 days

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Moses, S., Verma, S.S., Mathur, R. et al. An Epidemiological Study of Burn Cases from a Single Referral Hospital in Indore, Central Part of India and a Proposal for Burn Prevention and Care Program. Indian J Surg 83 (Suppl 1), 69–77 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-020-02124-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-020-02124-y

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