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Harnessing Cellular Organelles to Bring New Functionalities into Yeast

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Abstract

Subcellular organelles in eukaryotes are unique and specialized physiochemical compartments that separate specific metabolic reactions from the rest of the cytosol, control an intricate metabolic network, and allow the cells to perform specific functions more efficiently. Recently, inspired by this compartmentalization strategy of cells, metabolic compartmentalization has received much attention from researchers in the fields of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for transforming subcellular organelles into microfactories for the production of valuable chemicals. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in yeast subcellular compartmentalization, highlighting the benefits of confining metabolic pathways spatially within particular subcellular organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and cell walls. In addition to metabolic compartmentalization, we review emerging strategies for organelle engineering that have proven to be successful for overcoming the inherent capacity and volume constraints of organelles, thereby boosting the performance of the compartmentalized pathways. We also describe and compare various instances in which engineered organelles have been explored as compartments for biotechnological exploitation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program (NRF-2021R1A2C2008074) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT (MSIT). S.Y.M., S.-H.S. and J.Y.L. acknowledge funding from Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology through the Core Program (SS2342-10). Figures were prepared using BioRender.Com for scientific illustrations.

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  1. Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Korea

    Soo Young Moon, So-Hee Son & Ju Young Lee

  2. School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea

    Soo Young Moon, So-Hee Son & Seung Soo Oh

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  1. Soo Young Moon
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Moon, S.Y., Son, SH., Oh, S.S. et al. Harnessing Cellular Organelles to Bring New Functionalities into Yeast. Biotechnol Bioproc E 28, 936–948 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-022-0195-5

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