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Suppression of cancer progression and metastasis in HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinomas by deep sea water

Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering volume 18, pages 194–200 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

In this investigation, we studied the effects of deep sea water (DSW) on cancer progression and metastasis in HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinomas. The protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is an important enzyme in cancer progression, invasion and metastasis, was lessened by DSW in the hardness range of 200 ∼ 1,500. However, COX-2 transcription was not changed by DSW. TPA-induced expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), an inducer of cancer metastasis, was also suppressed by DSW in a hardness-dependent manner. In contrast, uPA receptor (uPAR) expression was not changed by DSW treatment. The 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mRNA level of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which induces cancer proliferation and metastasis, was decreased by treatment with DSW. We also explored the effects of hardness 1,500 mineral water prepared with exogenous Mg2+ or Mg2+/Ca2+ mixture (concentration ratio 3:1). Mineral water did not inhibit COX-2 protein and uPA mRNA expression but reversed uPAR and TGF-β transcription. The results suggest that DSW may prevent cancer proliferation and metastasis via inhibition of COX-2, uPA, uPAR and TGF-β expression in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, but the COX-2 and uPA down-regulation is independent of the concentration of Mg2+ in DSW.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 780-714, Korea

    Kyu-Shik Lee, Jin-Sun Shin, Yun-Suk Kwon & Kyung-Soo Nam

  2. Deep Ocean Water Application Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Goseong, 219-822, Korea

    Deok-Soo Moon

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  1. Kyu-Shik Lee
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  2. Jin-Sun Shin
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  3. Yun-Suk Kwon
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Correspondence to Kyung-Soo Nam.

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Lee, KS., Shin, JS., Kwon, YS. et al. Suppression of cancer progression and metastasis in HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinomas by deep sea water. Biotechnol Bioproc E 18, 194–200 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-012-0543-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-012-0543-y

Keywords

  • deep sea water
  • colorectal cancer
  • cancer progression
  • metastasis