Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), belonging to the Filoviridae family, emerged four decades ago and caused severe viral hemorrhagic fever in human and other primates. As high as 50–90% mortality, filoviruses can cause significant threats to public health. However, so far no specific and efficient vaccine has been available, nor have other treatment methods proved to be effective. It is of great importance to detect these pathogens specific, rapidly and sensitively in order to control future filovirus outbreaks. Here, recent progresses in the development of detection and diagnosis methods for EBOV and MARV are summarized.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
Drosten C, Gottig S, Schilling S, et al. 2002. Rapid detection and quantification of RNA of Ebola and Marburg viruses, Lassa virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Dengue virus, and Yellow fever virus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. J Clin Microbiol, 40(7): 2323–2330.
Geisbert T W, Jaax N K. 1998. Marburg hemorrhagic fever: Report of a case studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Ultrastruct Pathol, 22(1): 3–17.
Geisbert T W, Jahrling P B. 1990. Use of immunoelectron microscopy to show ebola virus during the 1989 united-states epizootic. J Clin Pathol, 43(10): 813–816.
Geisbert T W, Jahrling P B. 1995. Differentiation of filoviruses by electron microscopy. Virus Res, 39(2–3): 129–150.
Geisbert T W, Jahrling P B, Hanes M A, et al. 1992. Association of ebola-related reston virus-particles and antigen with tissue lesions of monkeys imported to the united-states. J Comp Pathol, 106(2): 137–152.
Geisbert T W, Rhoderick J B, Jahrling P B. 1991. Rapid identification of ebola virus and related filoviruses in fluid specimens using indirect immunoelectron microscopy. J Clin Pathol, 44(6): 521–522.
Gibb T R, Norwood D A, Woollen N, et al. 2001. Development and evaluation of a fluorogenic 5′-nuclease assay to identify Marburg virus. Mol Cell Probes, 15(5): 259–266.
Gibb T R, Norwood D A, Woollen N, et al. 2001. Development and evaluation of a fluorogenic 5′ nuclease assay to detect and differentiate between Ebola virus subtypes Zaire and Sudan. J Clin Microbiol, 39(11): 4125–4130.
Grolla A, Lucht A, Dick D, et al. 2005. Laboratory diagnosis of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever. Bull Soc Pathol Exot, 98(3): 205–209.
Hoenen T, Groseth A, Falzarano D, et al. 2006. Ebola virus: unravelling pathogenesis to combat a deadly disease. Trends Mol Med, 12(5): 206–215.
Ikegami T, Niikura M, Saijo M, et al. 2003. Antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific detection of Reston Ebola virus nucleoprotein. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 10(4): 552–557.
Jahrling P B, Geisbert T W, Dalgard D W, et al. 1990. Preliminary-report-isolation of ebola virus from monkeys imported to USA. Lancet, 335(8688): 502–505.
Ksiazek T G, Rollin P E, Jahrling P B, et al. 1992. Enzyme immunosorbent-assay for ebola virus-antigens in tissues of infected primates. J Clin Microbiol, 30(4): 947–950.
Ksiazek T G, Rollin P E, Williams A J, et al. 1999. Clinical virology of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF): Virus, virus antigen, and IgG and IgM antibody findings among EHF patients in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. J Inf Dis, 179: S177–S187.
Ksiazek T G, West C P, Rollin P E, et al. 1999. ELISA for the detection of antibodies to Ebola viruses. J Inf Dis, 179: S192–S198.
Leroy E M, Baize S, Lu C Y, et al. 2000. Diagnosis of Ebola haemorrhagic fever by RT-PCR in an epidemic setting. J Med Virol, 60(4): 463–467.
Lucht A, Formenty P, Feldmann H, et al. 2007. Development of an immunofiltration-based antigen-detection assay for rapid diagnosis of Ebola virus infection. J Inf Dis, 196: S184–S192.
Lucht A, Grunow R, Möller P, et al. 2003. Development, characterization and use of monoclonal VP40-antibodies for the detection of Ebola virus. J Virol Methods, 111(1): 21–28.
Lucht A, Grunow R, Otterbein C, et al. 2004. Production of monoclonal antibodies and development of an antigen capture ELISA directed against the envelope glycoprotein GP of Ebola virus. Med Microbiol Immunol, 193(4): 181–187.
Mahanty S, Bray M. 2004. Pathogenesis of filoviral haemorrhagic fevers. Lancet Inf Dis, 4(8): 487–498.
Miller S E. 1995. Diagnosis of viral infections by electron microscopy. In: Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial, and Chlamydial Infections (Lennette E H, Lennette D A, Lennette E T. ed.), 7th ed. Washington: American Public Health Association, p37–78.
Niikura M, Ikegami T, Saijo M, et al. 2001. Detection of Ebola viral antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a novel monoclonal antibody to nucleoprotein. J Clin Microbiol, 39(9): 3267–3271.
Panning M, Laue T, Olschlager S, et al. 2007. Diagnostic reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction kit for filoviruses based on the strain collections of all European biosafety level 4 laboratories. J Inf Dis, 196: S199–S204.
Pigott D C. 2005. Hemorrhagic fever viruses. Critical Care Clinics, 21(4): 765.
Reed D S, Mohamadzadeh M. 2007. Status and challenges of filovirus vaccines. Vaccine, 25(11): 1923–1934.
Saijo M, Niikura M, Ikegami T, et al. 2006. Laboratory diagnostic systems for Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers developed with recombinant proteins. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 13(4): 444–451.
Saijo M, Niikura M, Maeda A, et al. 2005. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Marburg virus nucleoprotein (NP) that can be used for NP-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Med Virol, 76(1): 111–118.
Sanchez A, Ksiazek T G, Rollin P E, et al. 1999. Detection and molecular characterization of Ebola viruses causing disease in human and nonhuman primates. J Inf Dis, 179: S164–S169.
Shahhosseini S, Das D, Qiu X, et al. 2007. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes of Ebola virus antigens. J Virol Methods, 143(1): 29–37.
Sherwood L J, Osborn L E, et al. 2006. Rapid assembly of sensitive antigen-capture assays for Marburg virus, using in vitro selection of llama single-domain antibodies, at biosafety level 4. J Inf Dis, 196: S213–S219.
Towner J S, Khristova M L, Sealy T K, et al. 2006. Marburgvirus Genomics and association with a large hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Angola. J Virol, 80(13): 6497–6516.
Towner J S, Rollin P E, Bausch D G, et al. 2004. Rapid diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever by reverse transcription-PCR in an outbreak setting and assessment of patient viral load as a predictor of outcome. J Virol, 78(8): 4330–4341.
Weidmann M, Muhlberger E, Hufert F T.. 2004. Rapid detection protocol for filoviruses. J Clin Virol, 30(1): 94–99.
Yu J S, Liao H X, Gerdon A E, et al. 2006. Detection of Ebola virus envelope using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in ELISA, surface plasmon resonance and a quartz crystal microbalance immunosensor. J Virol Methods, 137(2): 219–228.
Zhai J H, Palacios G, Towner J S, et al. 2007. Rapid molecular strategy for filovirus detection and characterization. J Clin Microbiol, 45(1): 224–226.
Zhang J B, Lu X M, Wei H P, et al. 2008. Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Nucleoprotein of Marburg Virus. Hybridoma, 27(6): 423–429.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Yp., Zhang, Xe. & Wei, Hp. Laboratory detection and diagnosis of filoviruses. Virol. Sin. 26, 73–80 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12250-011-3186-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12250-011-3186-9
Key words
- Filovirus
- Ebola virus (EBOV)
- Marburg virus (MARV)
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)