Abstract
Purpose
This study identifies key determinants of new product launch success, examines their role and impact on launch performance and links them to the different stages of product life cycle in the pharmaceutical new product launch context.
Methods
Survey data from pharmaceutical industry was analysed with multivariate data analysis using latent variable regression modelling followed by the calculation of selectivity ratios to reveal the most informative determinants.
Results
The results distinguish between the determinants driving financial new product launch success and those driving customer acceptance. Whereas financial success is driven by strategic choices and tactical decisions, the relationship approach is vital in fostering customer acceptance at different phases of the innovation diffusion. Product advantage and relationship marketing activities contribute to achieving key opinion leaders’ acceptance in the early phase, while the accumulated market-based assets largely determine acceptance of a majority of other target customers in the later phase. Furthermore, launch performance is enhanced by a relationship-oriented company culture.
Conclusions
The study emphasises the significance of relational aspects in new product launches and provides both important theoretical insights and managerial implications for commercialising new pharmaceutical products.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations. The pharmaceutical industry in figures. 2014. http://www.efpia.eu/. Accessed in Aug 2014.
Achilladelis B, Antonakis N. The dynamics of technological innovation: the case of the pharmaceutical industry. Res Policy. 2001;30(4):535–88.
Corstjens M, Demeire E, Horowitz I. New-product success in the pharmaceutical industry: How many bites at the cherry? Econ Innov New Technol. 2005;14(4):319–31.
Fraenkel S. Key success factors for sales force readiness during new product launch: A study of product launches in the Swedish pharmaceutical industry. Dissertation, Copenhagen Business School; 2011.
DiMasi JA. The value of improving the productivity of the drug development process. Pharmacoeconomics. 2002;20(3):1–10.
Scypinski S. Editorial: Speed and efficiency in pharmaceutical development. J Pharm Innov. 2009;4(3):95.
Feng K, Gonsalves GC. An integrated conceptual framework for project management in pharmaceutical new product development. Rev Bus Res. 2010;10(3):100–8.
DiMasi JA, Hansen RW, Grabowski HG. The price of innovation: New estimates of drug development costs. J Health Econ. 2003;22(2):151–85.
Terblanche NS. New pharmaceutical product development: Barriers to overcome and opportunities to exploit. J Commer Biotechnol. 2008;14(3):201–12.
Dubey J, Dubey R. Pharmaceutical innovation and generic challenge: Recent trends and causal factors. Int J Pharm Healthc Mark. 2010;4(2):175–90.
Kaitin KI, DiMasi JA. Pharmaceutical innovation in the 21st century: New drug approvals in the first decade, 2002–2009. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011;89(2):183–8.
Vernon JA, Golec JH, DiMasi JA. Drug development costs when financial risk is measured using the Fama-French three-factor model. Health Econ. 2010;19(8):1002–5.
Stros M, Lee N. Marketing dimensions in the prescription pharmaceutical industry: a systematic literature review. J Strateg Mark. 2014;22:1–19.
Trim P, Pan H. A new product launch strategy (NPLS) model for pharmaceutical companies. Eur Bus Rev. 2005;17(4):325–39.
Amsbaugh P, Pitta DA. New product introduction at TyRx Pharma, Inc. J Prod Brand Manag. 2006;15(7):468–72.
Rod M, Ashill NJ, Carruthers J. Pharmaceutical marketing return-on-investment: a European perspective. Int J Pharm Healthc Mark. 2007;1(2):174–89.
Stros M, Hari J, Marriott J. The relevance of marketing activities in the Swiss prescription drugs market: Two empirical qualitative studies. Int J Pharm Healthc Mark. 2009;3(4):323–46.
Ruzicic A, Danner S. Salesforce effectiveness: Is the pharmaceutical industry going in the right direction? J Med Mark. 2007;7(2):114–25.
Hultink EJ, Griffith A, Hart S, Robben HSJ. Industrial new product launch strategies and product development performance. J Prod Innov Manag. 1997;14(4):243–57.
Di Benedetto CA. Identifying the key success factors in new product launch. J Prod Innov Manag. 1999;16(6):530–44.
Hultink EJ, Hart S, Robben HSJ, Griffith A. Launch decisions and new product success: an empirical comparison of consumer and industrial products. J Prod Innov Manag. 2000;17(1):5–23.
Calantone RJ, Di Benedetto CA. Clustering product launches by price and launch strategy. J Bus Ind Mark. 2007;22(1):4–19.
Möller K, Halinen A. Relationship marketing theory: Its roots and direction. J Mark Manag. 2000;16(1–3):29–54.
Scharitzer D, Kollarits HC. Satisfied customers: Profitable customer relationships: Pharmaceutical marketing: How pharmaceutical sales representatives can achieve economic success through relationship management with settled general practitioners—An empirical study. Total Qual Manag. 2000;11(7):S955–65.
Wright RF, Lundstrom WJ. Physicians’ perceptions of pharmaceutical sales representatives: a model for analysing the customer relationship. J Med Mark: Device Diagn Pharm Mark. 2004;4(1):29–38.
Rod M, Saunders S. The informative and persuasive components of pharmaceutical promotion: an argument for why the two can coexist. Int J Advert. 2009;28(2):313–49.
Srivastava RK, Shervani TA, Fahey L. Market-based assets and shareholder value: a framework for analysis. J Mark. 1998;62(1):2–18.
Srivastava RK, Fahey L, Christensen HK. The resource-based view and marketing: the role of market-based assets in gaining competitive advantage. J Manag. 2001;27(6):777–802.
Rust RT, Ambler T, Carpenter GS, Kumar V, Srivastava RK. Measuring marketing productivity: Current knowledge and future directions. J Mark. 2004;68(4):76–89.
Grewal D, Iyer GR, Kamakura WA, Mehrotra A, Sharma A. Evaluation of subsidiary marketing performance: Combining process and outcome performance metrics. J Acad Mark Sci. 2009;37(2):117–29.
Zhou KZ, Yim CK, Tse DK. The effects of strategic orientations on technology- and market-based breakthrough innovations. J Mark. 2005;69(2):42–60.
Narver JC, Slater SF, MacLachlan DL. Responsive and proactive market orientation and new-product success. J Prod Innov Manag. 2004;21(5):334–47.
Kirca AH, Jayachandran S, Bearden WO. Market orientation: a meta-analytic review and assessment of its antecedents and impact on performance. J Mark. 2005;69(2):24–41.
Van Raaij EM, Stoelhorst JW. Implementation of a market orientation: a review and integration of the contributions to date. Eur J Mark. 2008;42(11/12):1265–93.
Day GS. Managing market relationships. J Acad Mark Sci. 2000;28(1):24–30.
Jayachandran S, Sharma S, Kaufman P, Raman P. The role of relational information processes and technology use in customer relationship management. J Mark. 2005;69(4):177–92.
Talke K, Hultink EJ. The impact of the corporate mind-set on new product launch strategy and market performance. J Prod Innov Mana. 2010;27:220–37.
Mu J, Di Benedetto CA. Strategic orientations and new product commercialization: Mediator, moderator, and interplay. R&D Manag. 2011;41(4):337–59.
Griffin A, Page AL. An interim report on measuring product development success and failure. J Prod Innov Manag. 1993;10(4):291–308.
Griffin A, Page AL. PDMA success measurement project: Recommended measures for product development success and failure. J Prod Innov Manag. 1996;13(6):478–96.
Homburg C, Pfesser C. A multiple-layer model of market-oriented organizational culture: Measurement issues and performance outcomes. J Mark Res. 2000;37(4):449–62.
Montoya-Weiss MM, Calantone R. Determinants of new product performance: a review and meta-analysis. J Prod Innov Manag. 1994;11(5):397–417.
Kleinschmidt EJ, de Brentani U, Salomo S. Performance of global new product development programs: a resource-based view. J Prod Innov Manag. 2007;24(5):419–41.
Talke K, Hultink EJ. Managing diffusion barriers when launching new products. J Prod Innov Manag. 2010;27(4):537–53.
Chiesa V, Frattini F. Commercializing technological innovation: Learning from failures in high-tech markets. J Prod Innov Manag. 2011;28:437–54.
Berndt ER, Bhattacharjya A, Mishol DN, Arcelus A, Lasky T. An analysis of the diffusion of new antidepressants: Variety, quality, and marketing efforts. J Ment Health Policy Econ. 2002;5:3–19.
Sandberg B. Creating the market for disruptive innovation: Market proactiveness at the launch stage. J Target Meas Anal Mark. 2002;11(2):184–96.
Smith BD. An exploratory study of key opinion leadership management: Trends among European pharmaceutical companies. J Med Mark: Device Diagn Pharm Mark. 2009;9(4):291–300.
Moore GA. Crossing the chasm: Marketing and selling high-tech products to mainstream customers. New York: HarperColling; 2002.
Rogers EM. Diffusion of innovations. 5th ed. New York: Free Press; 2003.
Narver JC, Slater SF. The effect of market orientation on business profitability. J Mark. 1990;54(4):20–35.
Voss G, Voss ZG. Strategic orientation and firm performance in an artistic environment. J Mark. 2000;64(1):67–83.
Langerak F, Hultink EJ, Robben HSJ. The impact of market orientation, product advantage, and launch proficiency on new product performance and organizational performance. J Prod Innov Manag. 2004;21(2):79–94.
Paladino A. Investigating the drivers of innovation and new product success: a comparison of strategic orientations. J Prod Innov Manag. 2007;24(6):534–53.
Jackson JE. A users’ guide to principal components. New York: Wiley; 1991.
Wold S, Ruhe A, Wold H, Dunn III WJ. The collinearity problem in linear regression. The partial least squares (PLS) approach to generalized inverses. SIAM J Sci Stat Comput. 1984;5:735–43.
Bro R, Kjeldahl K, Smilde AK, Kiers HAL. Cross-validation of component models: a critical look at current methods. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2008;390:1241–51.
Kvalheim OM, Karstang TV. Interpretation of latent-variable regression models. Chemometr Intell Lab. 1989;7:39–51.
Rajalahti T, Kvalheim OM. Multivariate data analysis in pharmaceutics: a tutorial review. Int J Pharm. 2011;417:280–90.
Rajalahti T, Arneberg R, Berven FS, Myhr K-M, Ulvik RJ, Kvalheim OM. Biomarker discovery in mass spectral profiles by means of selectivity ratio plot. Chemometr Intell Lab. 2009;95:35–48.
Rajalahti T, Arneberg R, Kroksveen AC, Myhr K-M, Kvalheim OM. Discriminating variable test and selectivity ratio plot—Quantitative tools for interpretation and variable (biomarker) selection in complex spectral or chromatographic profiles. Anal Chem. 2009;81:2581–90.
Morgan RM, Hunt SD. The commitment–trust theory of relationship marketing. J Mark. 1994;58(3):20–38.
De Wulf K, Odekerken-Schröder G, Iacobucci D. Investments in consumer relationships: a cross-country and cross-industry exploration. J Mark. 2001;65(4):33–50.
Palmatier RW, Scheer LK, Evans KR, Arnold TJ. Achieving relationship marketing effectiveness in business-to-business exchanges. J Acad Mark Sci. 2008;36(2):174–90.
Athaide GA, Zhang JQ. The determinants of seller-buyer interactions during new product development in technology-based industrial markets. J Prod Innov Manag. 2011;28(S1):146–58.
McGrath S. Market access—An essential investment before drug launch. J Commer Biotechnol. 2010;16(3):201–5.
Langerak F. An appraisal of research on the predictive power of market orientation. Eur Manag J. 2003;21(4):447–64.
Zomer S, Gupta M, Scott A. Application of multivariate tools in pharmaceutical product development to bridge risk assessment to continuous verification in a quality by design environment. J Pharm Innov. 2010;5:109–18.
Gabrielsson J, Lindberg NO, Torbjörn L. Multivariate methods in pharmaceutical applications. J Chemometr. 2002;16:141–60.
Chau FT, Chan HY, Cheung CY, Xu CJ, Liang Y, Kvalheim OM. Recipe for uncovering the bioactive components in herbal medicine. Anal Chem. 2009;81(17):7217–25.
Andersen CM, Bro R. Variable selection in regression-a tutorial. J Chemometr. 2010;24(11–12):728–37.
Rajalahti T, Kroksveen AC, Arneberg R, Berven FS, Vedeler CA, Myhr KM, et al. A multivariate approach to reveal biomarker signatures for disease classification: Application to mass spectral profiles of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis. J Proteome Res. 2010;9(7):3608–20.
Gurdeniz G, Rago D, Bendsen NT, Savorani F, Astrup A, Dragsted LO. Effect of trans fatty acid intake on LC-MS and NMR plasma profiles. PLoS ONE. 2013. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069589.
Mihaleva VV, van Schalkwijk DB, de Graaf AA, van Duynhoven J, van Dorsten FA, Vervoort J, et al. A systematic approach to obtain validated partial least square models for predicting lipoprotein subclasses from serum NMR spectra. Anal Chem. 2014;86(1):543–50.
Kvalheim OM, Arneberg R, Bleie O, Rajalahti T, Smilde AK, Westerhuis JA. Variable importance in latent variable regression models J. Chemometrics. 2014;28:615–22.
Kvesic DZ. Product lifecycle management: Marketing strategies for the pharmaceutical industry. J Med Mark: Device Diagn Pharm Mark. 2008;8(4):293–301.
Black I. Pharmaceutical marketing strategy: Lessons from the medical literature. J Med Mark: Device Diagn Pharm Mark. 2005;5(2):119–25.
Acknowledgments
D.Sc. (Econ.) Esa Matikainen
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix 1
Appendix 1
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Matikainen, M., Rajalahti, T., Peltoniemi, M. et al. Determinants of New Product Launch Success in the Pharmaceutical Industry. J Pharm Innov 10, 175–189 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-015-9216-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-015-9216-7