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Performance and Emission of Non-surfactant Water-in-Diesel Emulsion Fuel Using Light-Duty Trucks on Urban Road Conditions

  • Engine and Emissions, Fuels and Lubricants
  • Published:
International Journal of Automotive Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In road transport, varying fuel flow rates make it hard to maintain a consistent water ratio in non-surfactant emulsion fuels using the Real-Time Non-Surfactant Emulsion Fuel Supply System (RTES). Thus, it becomes more reasonable to establish an appropriate range of water content tailored to a road condition. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of non-surfactant emulsion fuel in light-duty trucks equipped with RTES, focusing specifically on urban conditions. On-road testing and 300-s idling tests were used as the urban conditions to compare diesel with non-surfactant Water-in-Diesel Emulsion (WiDE) fuel with water percentages from low to high concentrations of water, namely WiDE low%, WiDE med%, and WiDE high%. During idling tests, all emulsion variants reduce fuel consumption. WiDE high% exhibits the most substantial NOx reduction of 9.2%. On-road testing reveals comparable WiDE and diesel fuel consumption, despite the RTES increased electrical load. WiDE high% shows an increment for NOx and CO emissions by 11.71% and 202.19%. In conclusion, a 7.4% to 21.1% water content range was suggested for non-surfactant emulsion fuel in urban road conditions.

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Data availability

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper. Should any raw data files be needed, they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

WiDE:

Water-in-diesel emulsion

NOx:

Nitrogen oxides

CO:

Carbon monoxides

GHGs:

Greenhouse gases

EL:

Electrical load

RTES:

Real-time non-surfactant emulsion fuel supply system

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their sincere appreciation to the Advance Vehicle System (AVS), Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for their invaluable support in terms of equipment and finances. Special recognition is reserved for Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for providing financial support through a research grant (Q. K130000.3843.22H38 ).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advance Vehicle System (AVS), Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Muhammad Adib Abdul Rashid, Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin, Wira Jazair Yahya & Nurul Aiyshah Mazlan

  2. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia

    Nur Atiqah Ramlan

  3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Johor, Campus Pasir Gudang, 81750, Masai Johor, Malaysia

    Hasannuddin Abd Kadir

  4. Pusat Riset Konversi dan Konservasi Energi, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia

    Dhani Avianto Sugeng

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan

    Kinoshita Eiji

Authors
  1. Muhammad Adib Abdul Rashid
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  2. Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin
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  3. Wira Jazair Yahya
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  4. Nur Atiqah Ramlan
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  5. Nurul Aiyshah Mazlan
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  6. Hasannuddin Abd Kadir
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  7. Dhani Avianto Sugeng
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  8. Kinoshita Eiji
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Correspondence to Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin.

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Abdul Rashid, M.A., Ithnin, A.M., Yahya, W.J. et al. Performance and Emission of Non-surfactant Water-in-Diesel Emulsion Fuel Using Light-Duty Trucks on Urban Road Conditions. Int.J Automot. Technol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00041-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00041-7

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