Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Development of Real Operating Test Cycle for Tier-IV Construction Machineries with Emissions Characteristics

  • Published:
International Journal of Automotive Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recently, the clean air support system (CAPSS) pronounced that construction machinery is the second-largest source of pollutants in Non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) after ship. Three types of vehicles, forklifts, excavators, and loaders, account for 80 % of pollutants emitted by all construction machinery. In addition, domestic construction emission regulation has been reinforced by adopting the EU Stage V regulations. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the domestic and overseas construction machinery regulations and perform emission test under real operation condition. In this study, three construction machineries (1 unit each of forklift, excavator, and loader) were selected as test vehicles. The emissions were measured using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) installed on the test vehicles. The real operation test was conducted in accordance with EU Stage V ISM policy emission measurement procedure. The real operation test cycles were developed for each vehicle type to meet the minimum test duration requirement. Additionally, the test data were evaluated to distinguish valid working events and analyze emission characteristics using the moving average window (MAW) analysis method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

NRMM:

non-road mobile machinery

PEMS:

portable emissions measurement system

ISM:

in-service monitoring

NRSC:

non-road steady cycle

NRTC:

non-road transient cycle

NTE:

not-to-exceed

References

  • European Commission (EC) (2016). Monitoring of gaseous pollutant emissions from in-service internal combustion engines installed in non-road mobile machinery. Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/655.

  • Han, J., Kim, T., Jung, H., Pyo, S., Cho, G., Oh, Y. and Kim, H. (2019). Improvement of NOX reduction rate of urea SCR system applied for an non-road diesel engine. Int. J. Automotive Technology 20, 6, 1153–1160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heo, M. W., Bae, S. J., Jeong, J. Y., Yoo, H. S., Park, S. U. and Heo, H. S. (2019). Effects of an exhaust heat recovery system on performance characteristics of a forklift truck. Int. J. Automotive Technology 20, 3, 579–588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huai, T., Shah, S. D., Durbin, T. D. and Norbeck, J. M. (2005). Measurement of operational activity for nonroad diesel construction equipment. Int. J. Automotive Technology 6, 4, 333–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeong, J. W., Cha, J., Chon, M. S. and Lee, K. H. (2023). Suitability of SEMS equipment for monitoring RDE tests. Int. J. Automotive Technology 24, 3, 749–758.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong, J. W., Sim, I., Kim, S. L., Yu, Y. S., Chon, M. S. and Cha, J. (2021). A correlation analysis of NOx emissions for driving condition between PEMS and SEMS devices. Trans. KSAE 29, 2, 187–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, D., Yu, Y. S., Oh, S. T., Choi, Y. O., Cha, J. and Chon, M. S. (2017). Effect of cold start conditions on real driving emissions. KSAE Spring Conf. Proc., Jeju, Korea.

  • Ministry of Environment (2014). Measurement methods for NRTC and NRSC modes in construction machinery under the regulation on vehicle inspection and procedures for manufactured vehicles. Ministry of Environment Notification No. 2014–143, Appendix 11–2.

  • Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) (2022). Construction Machinery Status Statistics. https://stat.molit.go.kr/portal/cate/statFileView.do?hRsId=476&hFormId=5409&hKeyWord=&hTotalFlag=Y

  • National Air Emission Inventory and Research Center (NAIR) (2019). https://www.air.go.kr/capss/emission/sector.do?menuId=30

Download references

Acknowledgement

This research was conducted as part of a research project ‘A Study on In-use Emissions of Construction Equipment According to Type and Working Conditions (III)’ (NIER-2022-04-02-100), supported by the National Institute of Environmental Research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Automotive Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Korea

    Jingeun Song

  2. Advanced Powertrain R&D Center, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, 303 Pungse-ro, Cheonan, 31214, Korea

    Joonbong Chang

  3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea

    Seokho Moon

  4. Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Korea

    Dong In Lee, Youngkyo Seo & Yunsung Lim

  5. Department of Automotive Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469, Korea

    Junepyo Cha

Authors
  1. Jingeun Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Joonbong Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Seokho Moon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dong In Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Youngkyo Seo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yunsung Lim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Junepyo Cha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Junepyo Cha.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Song, J., Chang, J., Moon, S. et al. Development of Real Operating Test Cycle for Tier-IV Construction Machineries with Emissions Characteristics. Int.J Automot. Technol. 24, 1615–1625 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-023-0130-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-023-0130-6

Key words

Search

Navigation