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Optical Study on Spray and Two-Stage Ignition Characteristics for Diesel Spray Under Low Ambient Temperature and Density Conditions

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Abstract

Poor atomization and ignition difficulty due to the deterioration of environmental conditions restrict the cold-start performance of diesel engine. To investigate how the ambient and injection parameters affect diesel ignition characteristics at low temperature and density, liquid spray development was measured by back-illumination method; vapor spray and ignition process were visualized using high-speed shadowgraph method in constant volume combustion chamber. The results showed that liquid-vapor penetration and two-stage ignition delay have different sensitivities to variables: the variation of ambient density greatly affects the spray development while ambient temperature is the most significant parameter affecting ignition delay. Additionally, the change of injection pressure cannot cause significant change of both liquid penetration length and low temperature ignition, but increasing injection pressure promoted the vapor penetration length downstream development. Based on the data obtained, the empirical formulation in the form of power function was fitted for the stable stage of liquid penetration length, which proposed a reference for comparing the liquid phase development characteristics of diesel spray. Similarly, revise the Arrhenius-type ignition delay prediction formula and the correction coefficient K (KLTI and KHTI) was optimized quantitatively instead of fixed values, provides a preliminary theoretical basis for subsequent diesel spray model.

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Abbreviations

LPL:

liquid penetration length

LPLm:

mean of the LPL stable stage

VPL:

vapor penetration length

T am :

ambient temperature

LOL:

lift-off length

ρ am :

ambient density

HTI:

high temperature ignition delay

P inj :

injection pressure

LTI:

low temperature ignition delay

T f :

fuel temperature

ID:

ignition delay

t inj :

injection duration

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Acknowledgement

This material is based upon work supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation [Grant No.: 3212022], National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No.: 51976011] and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2020M 680378]. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

    Yikai Li, Zefeng Xue, Zhongjie Shi, Haiyan Chen & Weiwei Lv

  2. Testing Service Center of Xishan Campus, Experimental Center of Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

    Zhongjie Shi & Weiwei Lv

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  1. Yikai Li
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  2. Zefeng Xue
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Correspondence to Zhongjie Shi.

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Li, Y., Xue, Z., Shi, Z. et al. Optical Study on Spray and Two-Stage Ignition Characteristics for Diesel Spray Under Low Ambient Temperature and Density Conditions. Int.J Automot. Technol. 24, 1241–1257 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-023-0101-y

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