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Vehicle and steering system dynamics in the context of on-centre handling

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Abstract

The interaction of the vehicle and steering system is important to evaluate the vehicle on-centre handling. To analyse the vehicle and steering system dynamics at small steering wheel angle inputs a methodological approach to validate a simulation model is developed in this paper. The presented model is focused on the description of the major on-centre handling phenomena and characteristics. For the validation of the model adjusted test manouevres and a certain procedure to achieve highly reproducible measurement data are described. Due to the collected measurement data it is possible to describe the vehicle on-centre behaviour and to validate the overall model in a phased manner and more exactly. The results show the importance of the steering system characteristics and its influence on the on-centre handling regarding small steering wheel angles at low frequencies. Next to the steering system friction and elasticity the influence of the vehicle and steering system hysteresis loop is presented.

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Abbreviations

a y :

lateral acceleration

∝ v,h :

slip angle front and rear axle

C c :

torsional stiffness steering column

C max :

maximum steering column stiffness

C w :

roll stiffness

c v,h :

cornering stiffness

c y :

lateral stiffness of the contact patch in reference to the rim

D c :

torsional damping steering column

dF r :

differential force

D w :

roll damping

φ L :

steering wheel angle

φ P :

pinion angle

∆φ :

torsion twist angle

∆φ t :

torsion twist angle of the steering column stiffness function

F ESF , F r :

force of ESF Element

f ESF :

factor of ESF friction Element

F lim :

maximum of friction force

F rstat :

maximum Breakaway force

F* t :

tie rod force

F y :

lateral tire force

F yv,h :

force front/ rear axle

(h a −h w ):

lever arm roll model

i l :

ratio steering wheel to wheel

J :

longitudinal momentum of inertia

J z :

vertical momentum of inertia

\(K_{ESF} = \frac{{F_{lim} }} {{f_{ESF} }}\) :

stiffness of friction element at zero force

k rv :

exponential friction constant

le v,h :

relaxation length

M Fr :

steering column friction torque

M r :

torsion torque

M s :

power assistance moment of the servo motor

n m :

mechanical trail

n p :

pneumatic trail

r 1 :

ratio pinion to steering rack

r 2 :

ratio servo motor to steering rack

v :

vehicle velocity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Group Research/Vehicle Dynamics Research, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany

    K. T. R. van Ende, F. K. Kallmeyer & J. Hoffmann

  2. Institut für Fahrzeugtechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

    F. Küçükay & R. Henze

Authors
  1. K. T. R. van Ende
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  2. F. Küçükay
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  3. R. Henze
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  4. F. K. Kallmeyer
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  5. J. Hoffmann
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Correspondence to K. T. R. van Ende.

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van Ende, K.T.R., Küçükay, F., Henze, R. et al. Vehicle and steering system dynamics in the context of on-centre handling. Int.J Automot. Technol. 16, 751–763 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-015-0076-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-015-0076-4

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