Abstract
An enhanced parametric model for a copper-layered eddy current electric machine (retarder) is introduced in this paper. The modeled torque characteristics of the copper-layered electromagnetic retarders are based on the results from a detailed electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) of these eddy current machines. The model uses a parameterized double-exponential function to model the steady state speed-torque characteristics of the retarder. The parameters are adjusted for optimal braking performance in conjunction with predicted speed-torque characteristics of a copper-layered retarder. A full vehicle model, along with the proposed retarder speed-torque model has been used to simulate a series braking events. The simulation results show that the peaks of the retarder speed-torque curves must be designed to occur within a specific range of speeds for optimal braking performance.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anwar, S. (2004). A parametric model of an eddy current electric machine for automotive braking application. IEEE Trans. Control System Technology 12,3, 422–427.
Fitzgerald, A. E., Kingsley, Jr., C. and Umans, S. D. (1992). Electric Machinery. 5th Edn. McGraw Hill Electrical Engineering Series.
Kiencke, U. and Nielsen, L. (2005). Automotive Control System for Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle. Springer-Verlag. Germany.
Lee, Jr., K. and Park, K. (2001). Modeling of the eddy currents with the consideration of the induced magnetic flux. Proc. Int. Conf. Electrical and Electronic Technology, Singapore, 762–768.
Lee, K. and Park, K. (1999). Optimal robust control of a contactless brake system using an eddy current. Mechatronics 9,6, 615.
Lee, K. and Park, K. (2002). Modeling eddy currents with boundary conditions by using coulomb’s law and the method of images. IEEE Trans. Magnetics 38,2, 1333–1340.
Ryoo, H.-J., Kim, J.-S., Kang, D.-H., Rim, G.-H., Kim, Y.-J. and Won, C.-Y. (2000). Design and analysis of an eddy current brake for a high-speed railway train with constant torque control. Conf. Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Conf., 1, 277–281.
Simeu, E. and Georges, D. (1996). Modeling and control of an eddy current brake. Control Engineering Practice 4,1, 19–26.
Stevenson, R. C. and Li, Z. (2004). Increased Torque in Retarder Brake System through Use of Conductive Layer. United States Patent Application Number 20040051414 A1.
Stevenson, R. C. (2002). Torque Analysis of a Copper Layered Electromagnetic Retarder. Internal Memo, Chassis Advanced Technology Department, Visteon Corporation.
Wouterse, J. H. (1991). Critical torque of eddy current brake with widely separated soft iron poles. IEE Proc., 138,B, 4.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Anwar, S., Stevenson, R.C. Torque characteristics analysis for optimal design of a copper-layered eddy current brake system. Int.J Automot. Technol. 12, 497–502 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-011-0058-0
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-011-0058-0