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Disentangling the Drivers of Benthic Oxygen and Dissolved Carbon Fluxes in the Coastal Zone of the Southern Baltic Sea

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Abstract

Benthic fluxes of oxygen and carbon in coastal zones are poorly resolved in mechanistic models due to the lack of understanding of the diverse interactions among the physical, chemical, and biological drivers of biogeochemical fluxes. To inform modelling efforts we used ex-situ incubation experiments to identify spatial and seasonal patterns of oxygen and dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC) fluxes in the coastal southern Baltic Sea. We used boosted regression trees to identify important drivers of the studied fluxes. Our results demonstrate that benthic communities, in addition to sediment parameters, played a dominant role in shaping oxygen and DIC fluxes, while neither benthic community, environment, season, nor sampling location could account for the highly variable DOC fluxes. DIC fluxes were partly decoupled from oxygen fluxes, since carbonate dissolution, anaerobic respiration, and submarine groundwater discharge affected DIC fluxes in the study region. Boosted regression trees proved to be a useful tool to study drivers of biogeochemical fluxes as it allowed to identify non-linear effects of biological and environmental variables on benthic fluxes.

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Acknowledgements

We want to thank Captain and crew of s/y Oceania. Thanks to Maja Gajdek, Natalia Miernik, Michał Gintowt, and Katarzyna Gomuła for help during sampling and experiments. Special thanks to Jan Wejer for help with the experimental setup.

Funding

This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre, project no 2017/26/E/NZ8/00496 (COmEBACk). Sample collection was additionally supported through statutory funds of IOPAN. Katarzyna Koziorowska-Makuch's participation in this study was further supported by the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP).

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  1. Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland

    Marc J. Silberberger, Katarzyna Koziorowska-Makuch, Zuzanna Borawska, Marta Szczepanek & Monika Kędra

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  1. Marc J. Silberberger
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Contributions

Marc J. Silberberger: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, visualization, writing — original draft, writing — review & editing. Katarzyna Koziorowska-Makuch: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, writing — review & editing. Zuzanna Borawska: methodology, investigation, writing — review & editing. Marta Szczepanek: methodology, investigation, writing — review & editing. Monika Kędra: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition, writing — review & editing.

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Correspondence to Marc J. Silberberger.

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Communicated by Marco Bartoli

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Silberberger, M.J., Koziorowska-Makuch, K., Borawska, Z. et al. Disentangling the Drivers of Benthic Oxygen and Dissolved Carbon Fluxes in the Coastal Zone of the Southern Baltic Sea. Estuaries and Coasts 45, 2450–2471 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-022-01074-w

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