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Insights into the Ecology of Foraminifera from the Most Hypersaline Lagoon in Brazil: Vermelha Lagoon

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Abstract

Living foraminiferal assemblages were studied in 56 samples collected in Vermelha Lagoon considered the most hypersaline lagoon in Brazil. The study aimed to improve knowledge about the biodiversity and ecology of foraminifera in confined hypersaline environments and to assess the quality status of this ecosystem. The results revealed that foraminiferal assemblages were dominated by miliolids, mainly Quinqueloculina seminula, and Ammonia tepida (Rotalioidea). This assemblage was different from those usually reported in hypersaline lagoons with bottoms consisting of carbonate sand–rich sediments. Salt production in this lagoon produces hypertrophic conditions in the sediment, which has a severe impact on the foraminiferal community. The distribution of miliolid species is related to organic matter mainly associated to higher concentrations of carbohydrates. The rotaliids Haynesina concentrica, Bolivina variabilis, and Rosalina floridana were positively related to protein and lipid concentrations. The species Massilina protea, A. tepida, and Bolivina striatula were related to high salinity, while Miliolinella subrotunda presents a negative relationship to this variable. Based on the distribution of foraminiferal species and their responses to the analyzed environmental variables, five regions with different ecological characteristics and sediment trophic states were identified. Among these, the central pond can be considered the most favorable environment. The western pond and the vicinity area of stromatolite field in the eastern pond, with a high concentration of lipids and proteins, were the least favorable region due to eutrophication status.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the projects of National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq (Universal 445830/2014-0) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) (RJ E26/11.399/2012). The authors would like to thank to CAPES for the PhD Fellowship of Pierre Belart (Finance code 001). Virginia Martins would like to thank the CNPq and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) for the research grants (process 302676/2019-8 and process 202.927/2019, respectively). Lazaro Laut would like to thank the CNPq for the research grant (process 302582/2019-3).

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  1. Laboratório de Micropaleontologia, Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur 458, s. 500, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 22290-240, Brazil

    Lazaro Laut, Thiago Carelli & Vanessa Laut

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 274 - Bloco F, Ilha Do Fundão - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP, 21949-900, Brazil

    Pierre Belart

  3. Departamento de Estratigrafia E Paleontologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 2020A, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 20550-013, Brazil

    Maria Virginia Alves Martins

  4. Departamento de Geociências, GeoBioTec, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Maria Virginia Alves Martins

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  1. Lazaro Laut
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Communicated by James L. Pinckney

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Laut, L., Belart, P., Carelli, T. et al. Insights into the Ecology of Foraminifera from the Most Hypersaline Lagoon in Brazil: Vermelha Lagoon. Estuaries and Coasts 45, 2632–2649 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-022-01073-x

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