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Terrestrial Organic Matter Inputs to Nearshore Marine Sediment Under Prolonged Drought Followed by Significant Rainfall as Indicated by Lignin

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Abstract

Terrestrial organic matter (TOM) exported to nearshore marine regions may be altered by drought or large amounts of precipitation. We examined how significant precipitation in southern California during the winter seasons of 2015 and 2016, following a prolonged drought from 2011 to 2015, impacted the quantity and quality of TOM transported to nearshore kelp forests of the Santa Barbara Channel. Based on organic matter content, lignin oxidation by-products, and carbon isotopic signatures, biomarkers of TOM were detected in stream, estuarine, and marine sediments. Quantitative measures of lignin differentiated between the three environments. Qualitative lignin signatures revealed temporal patterns that appeared in stream, estuarine, and marine sediment. These patterns indicated that TOM delivered into nearshore coastal regions from mountain watersheds was less degraded over time and its source material changed through time. Our findings suggest lignin oxidation compounds can be used as biomarkers of TOM transported during storm events from coastal watersheds into nearshore marine sediment.

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Acknowledgements

Sampling and laboratory assistance was provided by Clint Nelson, Shannon Harrer, Christie Yorke, Georges Paradis, Matthew Meyerhof, Laura Beresford, and Brittany Beecher. Statistical guidance was provided by Ana Miller-ter Kuile. Dan Reed, Bob Miller, Jason Smith, and Craig Carlson provided additional project support. This manuscript was improved by edits from Sally MacIntyre and Mark Brzezinski.

Funding

This project was funded by the National Science Foundation (OCE-1623590) and the Santa Barbara Coastal Long Term Ecological Research Project (OCE-1232779).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA

    Heili Lowman & John Melack

  2. GEOTOP, Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada

    Matthieu Moingt & Marc Lucotte

  3. Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA

    Henry M. Page

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  1. Heili Lowman
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Correspondence to Heili Lowman.

Additional information

Communicated by Zhanfei Liu

Supplementary Information

Table A1

Sampling site codes with corresponding site names and environments. (PNG 136 kb)

Table A2

Lignin CuO indicators from studies using the same reference standard (SAG 05: estuarine sediment) alongside results from this study (Louchouarn et al. 2000; Moingt et al. 2016). ND = not determinable. (PNG 111 kb)

Table A3

Mean and standard deviation values for carbon, nitrogen, and lignin content. (PNG 510 kb)

Table A4

Linear mixed effects model results, with significant fixed effects in bold. (PNG 454 kb)

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Lowman, H., Moingt, M., Lucotte, M. et al. Terrestrial Organic Matter Inputs to Nearshore Marine Sediment Under Prolonged Drought Followed by Significant Rainfall as Indicated by Lignin. Estuaries and Coasts 44, 2159–2172 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-021-00931-4

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