Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the main food crops worldwide, including in Kazakhstan. Viral diseases are a major constraint to sustainable potato production, as they cause large losses in crop quantity and quality. To determine the current status of potato production in Kazakhstan, we studied tuber and leaf samples in large seed and commercial farms of the Republic. Samples of tuber and leaf samples randomly sampled were tested for five main viruses: potato virus Y (PVY), potato virus X (PVX), potato virus M (PVM), potato virus S (PVS), and potato leafroll virus (PLRV). A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mpRT-PCR) was used to monitor viral infection. During the monitoring of tuber samples, it was found that the most common virus in almost all regions was the PVS virus at 64.5%. Moreover, most of the viruses originated in commercial farms. As a result of the analysis of leaves selected in the fields, it was found that the most common viruses in the regions were PVM at 46% and PVS at 35.3%. The work performed to monitor viral diseases in various regions of Kazakhstan will enable direct actions to maintain and improve the phytosanitary status of potatoes in Kazakhstan in the future.
Resumen
La papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) es uno de los principales cultivos alimenticios en todo el mundo, incluso en Kazajstán. Las enfermedades virales son una limitación importante para la producción sostenible de papa, ya que causan grandes pérdidas en la cantidad y calidad de los cultivos. Para determinar el estado actual de la producción de papa en Kazajstán, estudiamos muestras de tubérculos y hojas en grandes unidades de producción de semillas y comerciales de la República. Las muestras de tubérculos y de hojas tomadas al azar se analizaron para detectar cinco virus principales: virus Y de la papa (PVY), virus X de la papa (PVX), virus M de la papa (PVM), virus S de la papa (PVS) y virus del enrollamiento de la hoja de la papa (PLRV). Se utilizó una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa múltiple (mpRT-PCR) para detectar la infección viral. Durante el monitoreo de muestras de tubérculos, se encontró que el virus más común en casi todas las regiones fue el virus PVS en 64.5%. Además, la mayoría de los virus se originaron en siembras comerciales. Como resultado del análisis de las hojas seleccionadas en los campos, se encontró que los virus más comunes en las regiones fueron PVM en 46% y PVS en 35.3%. El trabajo realizado para detectar las enfermedades virales en varias regiones de Kazajstán permitirá acciones directas para mantener y mejorar el estado fitosanitario de las papas en Kazajstán en el futuro.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the program BR10765038 “Development of methodology and implementation of scientifically based system of certification and inspection of seed potatoes and planting material of fruit crops in the Republic of Kazakhstan”, program code O.0989 as well as the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the framework of program funding for research OR11465424 “Development and implementation of highly effective diagnostic systems for identifying the most dangerous diseases and increasing the genetic potential of crop resistance”, the task 07 “Study of the phytosanitary status of potato growing for the main viral diseases in Kazakhstan based on the use of genomic technologies”, for 2021–2022.
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Daurov, D., Argynbayeva, A., Daurova, A. et al. Monitoring the Spread of Potato Virus Diseases in Kazakhstan. Am. J. Potato Res. 100, 63–70 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-022-09895-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-022-09895-y