Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) transmission was studied in six commercial potato fields in 2015 and 2016 in New Brunswick, Canada. Plants emerged from PVY-positive tubers, or PVY-free plants that were artificially inoculated with PVY shortly after emergence, were used as PVY inoculum plants in the study. In all trials, equal numbers of PVY inoculum plants from each of three strains common in the region, PVYO, PVYN:O and PVYNTN, were used. PVY inoculated into tractor-traffic rows showed 2 to 7 times as much PVY spread to previously virus-free plants by the end of the season (up to 48.5% in one tractor row, compared to a maximum of 16.3% in a distant control row unaffected by tractor traffic). Evidence supporting a hypothesis that tractor traffic enhances PVY transmission through aphid disturbance was observed by PVY spread in both directions along the rows, not biased in the direction of tractor travel, and that the ratio of spread of the three strains was nearly indentical in control and tractor rows. However, the lack of spread to immediately adjacent rows, and statistically significant spatial pattern matching the circumference of tractor wheels specific to each field support the hypothesis that direct mechanical transmission of wounded plant sap could also be a factor in the enhanced PVY transmission.
Resumen
Se estudió la transmisión del virus Y de la papa (PVY) en seis campos comerciales de papa en 2015 y 2016 en New Brunswick, Canadá. Las plantas emergieron de tubérculos positivos para el PVY, o de plantas libres del virus que fueron inoculadas artificialmente con el PVY justo después de la emergencia, que se usaron como plantas de inóculo del PVY en el estudio. En todos los ensayos se usaron igual número de plantas para inóculo del virus de cada una de tres variantes comunes en la región, PVYO, PVYN:O y PVYNTN. El PVY inoculado dentro de los surcos de tráfico del tractor mostró de dos a siete veces más dispersión del PVY a plantas previamente libres del virus al final del ciclo (hasta 48.5% en un surco del tractor, en comparación con un máximo de 16.3% en un surco testigo distante no afectado por el tráfico del tractor). Se observó evidencia que respalda una hipótesis de que el tráfico del tractor aumenta la transmisión del virus mediante la alteración de los áfidos, por la dispersión del PVY en ambas direcciones a lo largo de los surcos, sin sesgo en la dirección del viaje del tractor, y que la proporción de dispersión de las tres variantes fue cercanamente idéntica en el testigo y en los surcos del tractor. No obstante, la falta de dispersión a surcos inmediatamente adyacentes, y la significancia estadística del patrón espacial coincidente con la circunferencia de las llantas del tractor específicas para cada campo, respaldan la hipótesis de que la transmisión mecánica directa de savia de planta dañada también pudiera ser un factor en el aumento de la transmisión del PVY.




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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Government of New Brunswick through their Growing Forward Enabling Agricultural Research and Innovation Program grant EARI 15-028.
This study was also generously funded through the Canadian Agri-Science Cluster for Horticulture 2, in partnership with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada’s AgriInnovation Program, a Growing Forward 2 initiative, the Canadian Horticultural Council and industry contributors. We would also like to thank the anonymous participating growers for providing fields to host our experiemnts, and Dr. Manphool Fageria, McCain Foods and the staff of ACS Inc. for assistance in the field operations and sample storage and processing.
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MacKenzie, T.D.B., Arju, I., Gallagher, A. et al. Evidence of Potato virus Y Spread through Post-Emergence Management Practices in Commercial Potato Fields. Am. J. Potato Res. 95, 720–728 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-018-9679-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-018-9679-4

