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Effective Management of the Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) Using PVA Nanofibers Loaded with Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil

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Abstract

Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is one of the most common insect pests of cultivated potato in tropical and subtropical regions. In this research, a potential strategy to improve the insecticidal activity of plant essential oils for the effective management of P. operculella was studied. The insecticidal and residual effects of nanofiber oil (NFO) and pure essential oil (PEO) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum were assessed on PTM under laboratory conditions. The nanofibers were made by the electrospinning method using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer. The morphological characteristics of the nanofibers were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chemical constituents of cinnamon essential oil (EO) were detected by GC/MS. Fumigant toxicity of NFO and PEO were evaluated on different growth stages (egg, male and female adults) of P. operculella. SEM and FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of EO on the nanofiber structure. The yield of the EO from C. zelanicum on the nanofibers was 1.86%. GC/MS analysis showed that cinnamaldehyde was the primary constituent (69.88%) of cinnamon EO. LC50 values of C. zelanicum EO and NFO were 4.92 and 1.76 μl/l air for eggs, 0.444 and 0.212 μl/l air for female adults, and 0.424 and 0.192 μl/l air for male adults, respectively. Fumigant bioassays revealed that NFO was more toxic than C. zeylanicum oil against at all stages of P. operculella. The residual effect of PEO and NFO was evaluated against the egg stage of the P. operculella. NFO lost insecticidal effectiveness 47 days after application, while the efficacy of PEO decreased 15 days after application. Our results suggest that NFO of C. zeylanicum can be used as an effective new tool for the management of P. operculella.

Resumen

Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) es uno de los insectos-plaga más comunes de la papa cultivada en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales. En esta investigación se estudió una estrategia potencial para mejorar la actividad insecticida de los aceites esenciales vegetales para el manejo efectivo de P. operculella. Se evaluaron los efectos insecticidas y residuales del aceite nanofibra (NFO) y el aceite esencial puro de Cinnamomum zeylanicum (PEO) en PTM bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Se hicieron las nanofibras por el método de electrogiro (electrospinning) usando el polímero de polivinil-alcohol (PVA). Se evaluaron las características morfológicas de las nanofibras mediante el microscopio electrónico de barrido y por espectroscopía Fourier transformada infra-roja. Se detectaron los constituyentes químicos del aceite esencial de la canela (EO) mediante GC/MS. Se evaluó la toxicidad fumigante del NFO y del PEO en diferentes estados de crecimiento (por ejemplo, huevo, adultos macho y hembra) de P. operculella. Los análisis por SEM y FTIR confirmaron la presencia de EO en la estructura de la nanofibra. El rendimiento deEO de C. zelanicum en las nanofibras fue de 1.86%. El análisis de GC/MS mostró que el cinnamaldehido era el constituyente primario (69.88%) del EO de la canela. Los valores LC50 del EO y NFO de C. zelanicum fueron 4.92 y 1.76 μl/l de aire para huevos, 0.444 y 0.212 μl/l de aire para las hembras adultas y 0.424 y 0.192 μl/l de aires para los machos adultos, respectivamente. Los bioensayos de fumigantes revelaron que el NFO era más tóxico que el aceite de C. zelanicum contra de todos los estadíos de P. operculella. El efecto residual de PEO y NFO se evaluó contra el estado de huevo de P. operculella. NFO perdió su efectividad insecticida 47 días después de la aplicación, mientras que la eficacia de PEO disminuyó 15 días después de la aplicación. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el NFO de C. zelanicum puede usarse como una nueva herramienta efectiva para el manejo de Phthorimaea operculella.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (Ardabil, Iran), which is appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O.Box 179, Ardabil, Iran

    Vahid Mahdavi, Hooshang Rafiee-Dastjerdi & Jabraeil Razmjou

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

    Asadollah Asadi

  3. Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

    Bahram Fathi Achachlouei

  4. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA

    Shizuo George Kamita

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Mahdavi, V., Rafiee-Dastjerdi, H., Asadi, A. et al. Effective Management of the Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) Using PVA Nanofibers Loaded with Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil. Am. J. Potato Res. 94, 647–657 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-017-9603-3

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