Abstract
In histological and cytological investigations, the infection process of Phytophthora infestans, the late blight pathogen, was comparatively studied in several potato cultivars and somatic hybrid genotypes and their parents using fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy methods. The results showed that germination of zoospores of P. infestans and frequency of invading by infection hyphae did not differ among the cultivar-pathogen interactions, but, extension of hyphae in host cells markedly differed among these genotypes. In the susceptible genotypes the pathogen grew rapidly inter- and intracellularly, 12 h after inoculation (hai), and some digital like haustoria were formed and the cytoplasm of the host cells became disorganized. In the resistance genotypes, the pathogen was restricted to the site of initial penetration, although some hyphae could penetrate the epidermal cell, however, the host cells produced resistance responses, such as formed wall appositions when in contact with hyphae, and no haustoria like structures were found. In the somatic hybride genotypes, the host response was different according to their parents as shown by transmission electron microscopy. In the hybrid genotype 1508/2, like in the wild species S. bulbocastanum, no hyphae were found in host cells. In the other genotypes, hyphae of P. infestans spread intercellularly and formed haustoria, but the cytoplasm of hyphae and haustoria was disorganized and host cell resistant responses often appeared, such as, host cells were disorganized and necrotic and cell wall apposition were observed.
Resumen
En investigaciones histológicas y citológicas, el proceso de infección de Phytophthora infestans, el patógeno del tizón tardío, se estudió comparativamente en algunas variedades de papa y genotipos somáticos híbridos y sus progenitores usando microscopía de fluorescencia y métodos de microscopía electrónica. Los resultados mostraron que la germinación de zoosporas de P. infestans y la frecuencia de la invasión por infección de hifas no se diferenció entre las interacciones variedad-patógeno, pero la extensión de las hifas en células del hospedante se diferenció marcadamente entre estos genotipos. En los genotipos susceptibles el patógeno creció rápidamente inter e intra-celularmente 12 h después de la inoculación (hai), y se formaron algunos haustorios como dedos, desorganizándose el citoplasma de las células hospedantes. En los genotipos resistentes, el patógeno se restringió al sitio inicial de penetración, aunque algunas hifas pudieron penetrar las células epidermales, no obstante, las células hospederas produjeron respuestas de resistencia, tales como deposiciones de pared cuando se pusieron en contacto con las hifas y no se encontraron estructuras tipo haustorios. En los genotipos somáticos híbridos, la respuesta del hospedante fue diferente de acuerdo con sus progenitores como se muestra por microscopio electrónico de transmisión. En el genotipo híbrido 1580/2, como en la especie silvestre S. bulbocastanum, no se encontraron hifas en las células hospederas. En los otros genotipos, la hifa de P. infestans se dispersó intercelularmente y formó haustorios, pero el citoplasma de la hifa y de los haustorios estaba desorganizado y con frecuencia aparecieron respuestas de resistencia de las células, tales como la observación de la desorganización y necrosis de las células del hospedante y deposición de pared celular.
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This study has been financially supported by the German-Chinese co-operation project of agricultural science and technology and the 111 Project from Ministry of Education of China (project number B07049). We also thank Dr. Heinrich Buchenauer for valuable comments on the manuscript.
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Han, Q., Thieme, R., Gao, X. et al. Investigation of Host Responses of Different Potato Genotypes at Tissue, Cellular and Subcellular Levels After Infection with Phytophthora infestans . Am. J. Potato Res. 90, 524–532 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-013-9324-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-013-9324-1