Abstract
Global consumption of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) continues to shift from fresh potatoes to value-added processed food products such as potato chips. One serious tuber quality defect of chipping potatoes is stem-end chip defect, which results in chips with dark-colored vasculature and adjacent tissues at the tuber stem end after frying. In this study, treatments of moderate water deficit for 14 days, alone or in combination with moderate daytime heat stress at 30 °C, as well as varied chemical maturity of tubers at harvest were imposed in controlled-environment greenhouses. Only temperature stress for 14 days in 1 of 2 years significantly changed the occurrence of stem-end chip defects. Water deficit for 14 days and chemical maturity of tubers harvested at four time points from early tuber bulking to after vine senescence did not have significant impacts on defect incidence or severity. Biochemical analyses showed that more severe defects with larger areas of dark color on the stem end of chips were associated with increased amounts of tuber stem-end glucose and increased stem-end acid invertase activity. We conclude that moderate environmental stresses and maturity of tubers at harvest are not sufficient to consistently cause stem-end chip defect.
Resumen
El consumo global de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) continúa cambiando de papa fresca a productos alimenticios procesados de valor agregado, tales como las papas fritas. Un defecto serio en la calidad de tubérculo de papas para frituras es el de hojuelas del extremo del tallo, que resulta con los haces vasculares y tejidos adyacentes oscurecidos en el extremo de unión con el tallo después del freído. En este estudio se establecieron, en invernaderos con ambiente controlado, tratamientos de déficit moderado de agua por 14 días, solos o en combinación con agobio térmico moderado durante el día a 30 °C, así como con diversa madurez química de tubérculos en la cosecha. Únicamente el agobio por temperatura durante 14 días en uno o dos años cambió significativamente la presencia de los defectos del extremo del tallo. El déficit hídrico por 14 días y la madurez química de los tubérculos cosechados en cuatro etapas a partir de la tuberización temprana y hasta la senectud del follaje, no tuvieron impactos significativos en la incidencia o severidad del defecto. Los análisis bioquímicos mostraron que los defectos más severos con áreas más grandes de oscurecimiento en las hojuelas del extremo de unión con el tallo, estuvieron asociados con aumento en las cantidades de glucosa en el extremo del tubérculo en unión con el tallo y con incremento en la actividad de la invertasa ácida en esa parte. Concluimos que agobios ambientales moderados y la madurez de los tubérculos al momento de la cosecha no son suficientes para causar, consistentemente, el defecto de la hojuela del extremo de unión al tallo.



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Acknowledgments
This work was funded in part by grants from the US Potato Board Chip Committee. Funding from the UW Madison Graduate School is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank J.S. Busse, M.J. Drillias, W.G. Schmitt, Laura Vanderploeg and the staff at the UW Biotron for expert technical assistance. The authors thank Frito-Lay for use of the FL1879 variety in this research.
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Wang, Y., Bussan, A.J. & Bethke, P.C. Stem-End Defect in Chipping Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) as Influenced by Mild Environmental Stresses. Am. J. Pot Res 89, 392–399 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-012-9259-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-012-9259-y


