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Epitope Mapping for Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Tuber Necrotic Isolates of Potato Virus Y

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Abstract

Potato virus Y (PVY) is an important viral pathogen of potato responsible for reducing tuber yield and quality across the globe. The PVYN and PVYNTN strains, the latter of which induces potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD), are regulated for international potato trade, and have been routinely detected using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that discriminate between PVYN and PVYO serotypes. Here, we identify the distinct binding sites in the capsid protein of PVY for three of the four main PVYN-specific MAbs, Bioreba-N, SASA-N, and Neogen-N, available commercially. These binding domains were mapped through a combination of TAS-ELISA testing of MAbs on multiple reference isolates of PVY, sequence analysis, heterologous expression of capsid protein fragments, and synthetic peptide binding experiments. All three MAbs were found to bind linear epitopes located within the first 31 N-terminal amino acids of the capsid protein. Bioreba-N MAb epitope spanned aa 1-17 and included three positions, aa 1, aa 11, and aa 17, which differ between PVYN and PVYO serotypes. Both SASA-N and Neogen-N epitopes spanned aa 22-30, and included two positions, aa 24 and aa 29, which differ between PVYN and PVYO serotypes. Epitopes for SASA-N and Neogen-N MAbs are likely to be identical or overlapping. Examination of available sequences for tuber necrotic isolates of PVY that do not react with PVYN-specific MAbs SASA-N and Neogen-N indicated possible selection for substitutions in corresponding epitopes leading to the loss of reactivity towards these antibodies. The data obtained suggested that testing with more than one PVYN serotype-specific MAb could assure a reliable serological identification of a PVYN or PVYNTN isolate.

Resumen

El virus Y de la papa (PVY) es un patógeno viral importante de la papa responsable de la reducción del rendimiento y calidad de tubérculo en todo el mundo. Las variantes PVYN y PVYNTN, ésta última induce la enfermedad de la mancha anular necrótica del tubérculo (PTNRD), están reguladas para el comercio internacional de la papa, y se han detectado rutinariamente usando anticuerpos monoclonales (MAbs) que discriminan entre los serotipos PVYN y PVYO. Aquí nosotros identificamos los diferentes tipos de unión en la proteína de la cápside de PVY para tres de los principales cuatro MAbs específicos para PVYN, Bioerba-N, SASA-N, y Neogen-N, disponibles comercialmente. Se mapearon estos dominios de unión mediante una combinación de prueba de TAS-ELISA de MAbs en múltiples aislamientos de referencia de PVY, análisis de secuencia, expresión heteróloga de fragmentos de la proteína de la cápside, y con experimentos de unión de péptidos sintéticos. Se encontró que los tres MAbs se unen a epítopes lineales localizados dentro de los primeros 31 aminoácidos N-terminales de la proteína de la cápside. El epítope MAb de Bioreba-N abarcó aa 1-17 e incluyó tres posiciones, aa 1, aa 11, y aa 17, que difieren entre los serotipos PVYN y PVYO. Los epítopes SASA-N y Neogen-N abarcaron aa 22-30, e incluyeron dos posiciones, aa 24 y aa29, lo cual difiere entre los serotipos PVYN y PVYO. Los epítopes para los MAbs SASA-N y Neogen-N es probable que sean idénticos o que se traslapen. Examinando la disponibilidad de secuencias para los aislamientos de PVY de tubérculo necrótico que no reaccionan con MAbs específicos para SASA-N y Neogen-N, indicaron una posible selección para substituciones en epítopes correspondientes que condujeron a la pérdida de reactividad hacia estos anticuerpos. Los datos obtenidos sugieren que probando con mas de un serotipo MAb específico para PVYN se pudiera asegurar una identificación serológica confiable de aislamiento de PVYN o PVYNTN.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Elizabeth Kmieciak for help in some immunoassays. This work was supported in part through grants from USDA-NIFA-NRI (#2009-35600-05025), USDA-NIFA-SCRI (#2009-51181-05894), the USDA-ARS Cooperative Agreement 58-5354-7-540, and the Idaho Potato Commission. Suellen Galvino Costa was a recipient of an international graduate fellowship from CNPq, Federal Government of Brazil. D.J. Roop was a recipient of an Idaho INBRE undergraduate fellowship funded through the NIH Grant # P20 RR016454.

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Correspondence to Alexander V. Karasev.

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Supplementary Table 1

PVY isolates used for serological and sequence analyses. (DOC 52 kb)

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Nikolaeva, O.V., Roop, D.J., Galvino-Costa, S.B.F. et al. Epitope Mapping for Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Tuber Necrotic Isolates of Potato Virus Y . Am. J. Pot Res 89, 121–128 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-012-9233-8

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