Abstract
Fungicide treatments have proven successful in reducing Rhizoctonia solani lesions on stems and stolons; as well as black scurf on tubers. Field studies in Parma and Aberdeen, Idaho, were conducted in 2004 and 2005 to compare the relative effectiveness of in-furrow and seed treatments for disease control on stems, stolons and tubers. The effectiveness of each fungicide placement was evaluated for control of seed-borne and soil-borne inoculum. The systemic fungicide azoxystrobin was used as the in-furrow fungicide treatment and fludioxonil was used as the seed treatment. A combination of seed treatment with an in-furrow treatment was also evaluated. All fungicide treatments had significantly lower stem and stolon disease ratings than did the non-treated control. The seed plus in-furrow treatment tended to reduce stem and stolon disease ratings more than in-furrow treatment alone. Black scurf ratings on daughter tubers were significantly reduced by fungicide applications compared to the non-treated control in two of three trials. The combination treatment had lower black scurf ratings than the in-furrow treatment alone. There were more significant differences among fungicide treatments in Rhizoctonia solani lesions on stems, stolons and tubers when seed inoculum was moderate to high compared to low seed inoculum. In-furrow treatment was relatively more effective in reducing disease on stems, stolons and tubers when soil was the primary source of inoculum, while seed treatment was relatively more effective when seed was the primary inoculum source.
Resumen
Los tratamientos con fungicidas han probado ser exitosos en la reducción de las lesiones en tallos y estolones por Rhizoctonia solani; así como de las costras negras en tubérculos. En 2004 y 2005 se condujeron estudios en Parma y Aberdeen, Idaho, para comparar la efectividad relativa de tratamientos a la semilla y al surco para el control de la enfermedad en tallos, estolones y tubérculos. Se evaluó la efectividad de cada colocación del fungicida para controlar el inóculo proveniente de semilla y suelo. El fungicida sistémico azoxystrobin se usó como tratamiento de fungicida al surco y fludioxonil como tratamiento a la semilla. También se evaluó un tratamiento que combinó la aplicación a la semilla y al surco. Todos los tratamientos fungicidas tuvieron niveles de enfermedad en tallo y estolón significativamente más bajos que el testigo sin tratamiento. El tratamiento a la semilla y al surco tuvo la tendencia de reducir los niveles de enfermedad en tallo y estolón más que el del surco solamente. Las categorías de la costra negra en los tubérculos hijos se redujo significativamente con las aplicaciones del fungicida en comparación con el testigo sin tratar en dos de los tres ensayos. El tratamiento combinado tuvo niveles más bajos de costra negra que el tratamiento solo al surco. Hubo más diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos de fungicidas en las lesiones de tallos, estolones y tubérculos por Rhizoctonia solani con moderado a alto inóculo en la semilla, comparado con inóculo bajo. El tratamiento al surco fue relativamente más efectivo en la reducción de la enfermedad en tallos, estolones y tubérculos, cuando el suelo fue la primera fuente de inóculo, mientras que el tratamiento a la semilla fue relativamente más efectivo cuando la semilla era la fuente primaria de inóculo.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12230-010-9172-1/MediaObjects/12230_2010_9172_Fig1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12230-010-9172-1/MediaObjects/12230_2010_9172_Fig2_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12230-010-9172-1/MediaObjects/12230_2010_9172_Fig3_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12230-010-9172-1/MediaObjects/12230_2010_9172_Fig4_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams, M.J., G.A. Hide, and D.H. Lapwood. 1980. Relationship between disease levels on seed tubers, on crop during growth and in stored potatoes. 1. Introduction and black scurf. Potato Research 23: 201–214.
Atkinson, D. 2005. Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 and potatoes: Evaluation of importance of source of inoculum and efficacy of in-furrow and seed piece treatments. University of Idaho M.S. Thesis, 102 pp.
Atkinson, D., M.K. Thornton, and J.S. Miller. 2010. Development of Rhizoctonia solani on stems, stolons and tubers of potatoes I. Effect of inoculum source. American Journal of Potato Research 87: 374–381.
Baines, P.S., H.S. Bennypaul, D.R. Lynch, L.M. Kawchuck, and C.A. Schaupmeyer. 2002. Rhizoctonia disease of potato (Rhizoctonia solani): Fungicidal efficacy and cultivar susceptibility. American Journal of Potato Research 79: 99–106.
Banville, G.J. 1989. Yield losses and damage to potato plants caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. American Potato Journal 66: 821–834.
Biehn, W.L. 1969. Evaluation of seed and soil treatments for control of Rhizoctonia scurf and Verticillium wilt of potatoes. Plant Disease Reporter 53: 425–527.
Davis, J.R. 1977. Rhizoctonia disease of potato and its control. University of Idaho Current Information Series No. 381.
Davis, J.R., M.D. Groskopp, and R.H. Callihan. 1971. Seed and soil treatments for control of rhizoctonia on stems and stolons of potato. Plant Disease Reporter 55: 550–554.
Errampelli, D., R.D. Peters, K. MacIsaac, D. Darrach, and P. Boswell. 2006. Effect of a combination of chlorine dioxide and thiophanate-methyl pre-planting seed tuber treatment on the control of black scurf of potatoes. Crop Protection 25: 1231–1237.
Hide, G.A., and P.J. Read. 1991. Effects of rotation length, fungicide treatment of seed tubers and nematicide on diseases and the quality of potato tubers. The Annals of Applied Biology 119: 77–87.
Gudmestad, N.C., R.T. Zink, and J.E. Huguelet. 1979. The effect of harvest date and tuber-borne sclerotia on the severity of Rhizoctonia disease of potato. American Potato Journal 56: 35–41.
Lang, R.W., and B. Garrod. 1987. Post-storage and pre-planting fungicide treatments for control of stem canker and black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani), on potatoes and the influence of chitting seed. Proceedings, Crop Protection in Northern Britain 15–17 March 1987, pp. 146–152.
Little, G., and L.R. Cooke. 1988. The effect of fungicides applied to seed potato tubers on Rhizoctonia solani stem canker and black scurf. The Annals of Applied Biology 112: 34–35.
Nolte, P., M. Bertram, M. Bateman, and C.S. McIntosh. 2003. Comparative effects of cut and treated seed tubers vs untreated whole seed tubers on seed decay, rhizoctonia stem canker, growth, and yield of Russet Burbank potatoes. American Journal of Potato Research 80: 1–8.
Powelson, M.L., and R.C. Rowe. 2008. Managing diseases caused by seedborne and soilborne fungi and fungus-like pathogens, 183–195. In Potato Heath Management, ed. D. Johnson, American Phytopathological Society.
Rich, A.E. 1983. Potato diseases. Academic Press. Pp. 63–69.
SAS Institute. 2004. SAS/STAT User’s Guide. Version 9.1.3. Cary: SAS Institute Inc.
Spencer, D., and R.A. Fox. 1979a. The development of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn on the underground parts of the potato plant. Potato Research 22: 29–39.
Spencer, D., and R.A. Fox. 1979b. Post-harvest development of Rhizoctonia solani on potato tubers. Potato Research 22: 41–47.
Strand, L. 2006. Integrated pest management for potatoes in the western United States. University of California Publication 3316, pp 74–75.
Tsror, L., and I. Perentz-Alon. 2005. The influence of the inoculum source of Rhizoctonia solani on development of black scurf on potato. Journal of Phytopathology 153: 240–244.
Weinhold, A.R., and T. Bowman. 1982. Rhizoctonia disease of potato: Effect on yield and control by seed tuber treatment. Plant Disease 66: 815–818.
Wicks, T.J., B. Morgan, and B. Hall. 1995. Chemical and biological control of Rhizoctonia solani on potato seed tubers. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35: 661–664.
Acknowledgements
We thank Brad Geary and Phil Hamm for their input on the experimental objectives and design, Phil Nolte and William Bohl for reviewing earlier drafts of this paper, and the Idaho Potato Commission and the Idaho Pest Management Committee for financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Atkinson, D., Thornton, M.K. & Miller, J.S. Development of Rhizoctonia solani on Stems, Stolons and Tubers of Potato II. Efficacy of Chemical Applications. Am. J. Pot Res 88, 96–103 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-010-9172-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-010-9172-1