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Development of Rhizoctonia solani on Stems, Stolons and Tubers of Potato II. Efficacy of Chemical Applications

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Abstract

Fungicide treatments have proven successful in reducing Rhizoctonia solani lesions on stems and stolons; as well as black scurf on tubers. Field studies in Parma and Aberdeen, Idaho, were conducted in 2004 and 2005 to compare the relative effectiveness of in-furrow and seed treatments for disease control on stems, stolons and tubers. The effectiveness of each fungicide placement was evaluated for control of seed-borne and soil-borne inoculum. The systemic fungicide azoxystrobin was used as the in-furrow fungicide treatment and fludioxonil was used as the seed treatment. A combination of seed treatment with an in-furrow treatment was also evaluated. All fungicide treatments had significantly lower stem and stolon disease ratings than did the non-treated control. The seed plus in-furrow treatment tended to reduce stem and stolon disease ratings more than in-furrow treatment alone. Black scurf ratings on daughter tubers were significantly reduced by fungicide applications compared to the non-treated control in two of three trials. The combination treatment had lower black scurf ratings than the in-furrow treatment alone. There were more significant differences among fungicide treatments in Rhizoctonia solani lesions on stems, stolons and tubers when seed inoculum was moderate to high compared to low seed inoculum. In-furrow treatment was relatively more effective in reducing disease on stems, stolons and tubers when soil was the primary source of inoculum, while seed treatment was relatively more effective when seed was the primary inoculum source.

Resumen

Los tratamientos con fungicidas han probado ser exitosos en la reducción de las lesiones en tallos y estolones por Rhizoctonia solani; así como de las costras negras en tubérculos. En 2004 y 2005 se condujeron estudios en Parma y Aberdeen, Idaho, para comparar la efectividad relativa de tratamientos a la semilla y al surco para el control de la enfermedad en tallos, estolones y tubérculos. Se evaluó la efectividad de cada colocación del fungicida para controlar el inóculo proveniente de semilla y suelo. El fungicida sistémico azoxystrobin se usó como tratamiento de fungicida al surco y fludioxonil como tratamiento a la semilla. También se evaluó un tratamiento que combinó la aplicación a la semilla y al surco. Todos los tratamientos fungicidas tuvieron niveles de enfermedad en tallo y estolón significativamente más bajos que el testigo sin tratamiento. El tratamiento a la semilla y al surco tuvo la tendencia de reducir los niveles de enfermedad en tallo y estolón más que el del surco solamente. Las categorías de la costra negra en los tubérculos hijos se redujo significativamente con las aplicaciones del fungicida en comparación con el testigo sin tratar en dos de los tres ensayos. El tratamiento combinado tuvo niveles más bajos de costra negra que el tratamiento solo al surco. Hubo más diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos de fungicidas en las lesiones de tallos, estolones y tubérculos por Rhizoctonia solani con moderado a alto inóculo en la semilla, comparado con inóculo bajo. El tratamiento al surco fue relativamente más efectivo en la reducción de la enfermedad en tallos, estolones y tubérculos, cuando el suelo fue la primera fuente de inóculo, mientras que el tratamiento a la semilla fue relativamente más efectivo cuando la semilla era la fuente primaria de inóculo.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Brad Geary and Phil Hamm for their input on the experimental objectives and design, Phil Nolte and William Bohl for reviewing earlier drafts of this paper, and the Idaho Potato Commission and the Idaho Pest Management Committee for financial support.

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Correspondence to Michael K. Thornton.

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Atkinson, D., Thornton, M.K. & Miller, J.S. Development of Rhizoctonia solani on Stems, Stolons and Tubers of Potato II. Efficacy of Chemical Applications. Am. J. Pot Res 88, 96–103 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-010-9172-1

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