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Dakota Diamond: An Exceptionally High Yielding, Cold Chipping Potato Cultivar with Long-Term Storage Potential

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Abstract

‘Dakota Diamond’, evaluated as ND5822C-7, is a medium to late-maturing cultivar with uniformly sized tubers and very high yield potential. It resulted from the cross of ND4103-2 and ‘Dakota Pearl’. Dakota Diamond is comprised of approximately 23.3% wild potato species germplasm. It combines the characteristics of several species, including Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena Juz. and Bukasov, S. demissum Lindl., S. phureja Juz. and Bukasov, and purportedly, S. chacoense Bitter. Haulms are vigorous and large. Tubers are smooth and round, with bright white skin and white flesh. Dakota Diamond is suitable for the cold chip and fresh tablestock markets, both directly from the field and following storage at 7.2°C. Yield potential under both non-irrigated and irrigated conditions in North Dakota and Minnesota is very high, with total yield, US no. 1 yield, and percent US no. 1 tubers of Dakota Diamond superior to those of ‘Atlantic’ and Dakota Pearl, commercially acceptable chip cultivars. Mean yields for Dakota Diamond across these sites is 40.8 t ha−1. It is widely adapted based upon performance in the North Central Regional Potato Variety Trials and Snack Food Association/US Potato Board Trials. Dakota Diamond sets tubers slightly later than other commercially acceptable chip cultivars, but tubers size quickly. Dakota Diamond demonstrates resistance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies Thaxter) and to pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethyb.), and preferential avoidance by Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) in pest resistance screening evaluations. Dakota Diamond demonstrates resistance to most internal and external defects. It is susceptible to hollow heart, however, particularly in tubers over 283 g. Dakota Diamond expresses typical symptoms of PVYo. However, infection by PVYn and PVYn:o recombinant genotypes is difficult to detect visually. The specific gravity of Dakota Diamond is high, averaging 1.095 across irrigated and non-irrigated sites in North Dakota and Minnesota. Chip color reaches its optimal, and sugar levels reach their minimum in late January to early February when produced in northern locales, maintaining chip quality parameters throughout the late storage market window. Dakota Diamond is aptly named for its excellent attributes, including beautiful appearance, excellent chip quality particularly from late season storage, resistance to common scab, and exceptionally high yield potential, and in honor of the Diamond Jubilee, the 75th anniversary of the North Dakota State University potato breeding program as part of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Dakota Diamond was released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station on 1 December 2005.

Resumen

‘Dakota Diamond’, evaluado como ND5822C-7, es un cultivar de maduración media a tardía, con tubérculos de tamaño uniforme y alto potencial de rendimiento. Resultó de un cruzamiento de ND4103-2 y ‘Dakota Pearl’. Dakota Diamond está constituido de aproximadamente 23.3% del germoplasma de especies de papa silvestre. Combina las características de varias especies, incluyendo Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena Juz. y Bukasov, S. demissum Lindl., S. phureja Juz. y Bukasov y posiblemente S. chacoense Bitter. Tiene follaje vigoroso y abundante. Los tubérculos son lisos y redondos, con piel blanca brillante y pulpa blanca. Dakota Diamond es adecuado para hojuelas y comercialización en fresco, ya sea directamente del campo o después de almacenamiento a 7.2°C. Su potencial de rendimiento bajo condiciones de irrigación o de no irrigación en North Dakota y Minnesota es muy alto, con un rendimiento y porcentaje de tubérculos US No 1 superior a aquellos de ‘Atlantic’ y Dakota Pearl, cultivares comercialmente aceptables para hojuelas. Los rendimientos promedio de Dakota Diamond en estos lugares es de 40.8 TM ha−1. Por su comportamiento en las pruebas de variedades de papa de la región central norte y las de la asociación de comida rápida/US Potato Board es ampliamente aceptada. Dakota Diamond tuberiza ligeramente más tarde que otros cultivares para hojuelas comercialmente aceptables, pero los tubérculos crecen rápido. Dakota Diamond muestra resistencia a la sarna común (Streptomyces scabies Thaxter) y a la pudrición rosada (Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethyb.) y evitación preferencial al escarabajo de Colorado de la papa (Leptinotarsa decimlineata Say.) en las evaluaciones para pestes. Demuestra resistencia a la mayoría de defectos externos e internos. Es susceptible al corazón vacío particularmente en tubérculos mayores de 283 g. Dakota Diamond expresa los síntomas típicos de PVYO. Sin embargo, la infección por genotipos recombinantes PVY n y PVYn:o, es difícil de detectar visualmente. La gravedad específica de Dakota Diamond es alta con promedio de 1.095 en lugares irrigados y no irrigados de North Dakota y Minnesota. El color de las hojuelas alcanza su óptimo y los niveles de azúcar llegan al mínimo hacia fines de Enero y principios de Febrero cuando se producen en lugares del norte, manteniendo los parámetros de calidad de hojuelas durante el almacenaje comercial. Este cultivar es llamado acertadamente Dakota Diamond por sus excelentes atributos, incluyendo su buena apariencia, excelente calidad de hojuelas particularmente las provenientes de tubérculos almacenados a fines de estación, resistencia a la sarna común y su potencial excepcionalmente alto de rendimiento y en honor de las Bodas de Diamante, y al 75 aniversario del programa de mejoramiento de papa de la Universidad del Estado de North Dakota como parte de la Estacion Experimental Agrícola de North Dakota. Dakota Diamond fue liberado por la Estación Experimental Agrícola de North Dakota el 1 de Diciembre del 2005.

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Acknowledgements

A sincere thank-you is extended to Drs. Richard Novy and James Lorenzen for early evaluation efforts. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Dr. David Douches, Michigan State University, for establishing the isozyme identity of Dakota Diamond. We are grateful for the assistance of Dr. Abbas Lafta for determining the glycoalkaloid levels, Eric Auwarter and Fernanda Silva for technical assistance and Ann Erickson for managing the sensory evaluations. Additionally, the efforts of Dean Peterson, Julie Pasche, Lisa Piche, Dr. Ray Taylor, Darrel Serfling, Richard Nilles, Paul Mayland and Collin Auwarter are also acknowledged. Some photos were provided by Richard Nilles, Abbas Lafta, and Fernanda Silva. Funding to support the development of Dakota Diamond was provided by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA-CSREES Special Research Program—Potatoes, the Northern Plains Potato Growers’ Association, and the Snack Food Association/US Potato Board. It is gratefully acknowledged.

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Thompson, A.L., Farnsworth, B.L., Gudmestad, N.C. et al. Dakota Diamond: An Exceptionally High Yielding, Cold Chipping Potato Cultivar with Long-Term Storage Potential. Am. J. Pot Res 85, 171–182 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-008-9009-3

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