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A monograph of Caprifoliaceae: Linnaeeae

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Summary

Tribe Linnaeeae is a diverse group disjunctly distributed in the northern hemisphere between China and Japan and Mexico. The tribe consists of shrubs with showy flowers that are important in the horticultural industry. We present a detailed monograph of tribe Linnaeeae that includes descriptions, identification keys, botanical plates with line drawings and photographs, distribution maps, morphometric analysis of key characters, and discussion on evolution, cultivation and conservation. Twenty species, as well as five new varieties and four new forms, are recognised in six genera. Forty heterotypic names (not including the 218 names for Linnaea borealis) are listed as synonyms. 1,973 specimens were studied and databased from 13 herbaria (A, BM, CAS, E, GZAC, IBSC, KUN, KYO, MAK, PE, TNS, TOFO and TI). The Kolkwitzia–Dipelta–Diabelia clade radiated from the Qinling Mountain Range of China and is disjunctly distributed in Japan. The Linnaea–Vesalea clade may have migrated through the Bering Land Bridge and radiated along the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico. Abelia, which is most diverse in China, evolved in relation to the formation of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Arnold Arboretum and the California Academy of Sciences for sending herbarium specimens on loan, as well as Dr Stephan Gale, Dr David Boufford and Holly Forbes for sending material from Japan, China and California, respectively. Many people have helped on herbarium visits and with fieldwork:

Mexico: Yolanda Beatriz Vera Castillo, Dr Axayacatl Cuevas, Roberto Pozos, Allen Coombes, Maricela Rodriguez Acosta, Lucio Caamano Onofre, Rodolfo Solano, Miguel Cervantes-Reyes, Vidalia Salinas Chino, Remedios Aguila Santelisos, Arturo De Nova, Pedro Castillo Lara, Jose Garcia Perez, Maria Isabel Anaya Velazquez, Policarpio Espindola, Santiago Hernandez, Jesus Hernandez, Socorro Gonzales, Lizeth Ruacho, Martha Gonzales, Jorge Tena Flores, Jorge Noriega Villa, Fernando Quiroz Sanchez, Pedro Roldan Morales, José Angel Villarreal.

China: Zhang Ting, Guo Yong Jie, Liu Cheng, Cai Jie, Dr Li De-Zhu, Yang Xiang Yun, Liu En De, Ma Wen Zhang, Mr Shu from the Baoshan branch of the Gaoligong Nature Reserve, Mr Lin, President of the Liu ku branch of the Gaoligong Nature Reserve, Mr He, Animal & Plant Conservation Section of the Gaoligong Nature Reserve, Mr Que, President of Yunlong Nature Reserve, Mr Zhang, Vice-president of Yunlong Nature Reserve, Mr Li, guide from the Yunlong Nature Reserve, Mr Li, President of the Lamping Forestry Department, Mr Yang, Vice-President of the Forestry Departement & President of Lamping Nature Reserve, Mr Zhang, Vice-President of Lamping Nature Reserve, Mr He, guide and Flora & Fauna expert, Lamping Nature Reserve, Mr Li and Mr Zhang.

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  1. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China

    Sven Landrein

  2. Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK

    Aljos Farjon

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Landrein, S., Farjon, A. A monograph of Caprifoliaceae: Linnaeeae. Kew Bull 74, 70 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-018-9762-5

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