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Scoping the Allelopathic Potential of Elsholtzia strobilifera for Managing Himalayan Knotweed Koenigia polystachya, an Invasive Species in Alpine Ecosystems

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Abstract

The increasing intrusion of weed species into alpine regions is an alarming threat to native floras because their strong and deep root systems cause a scarcity of nutrients to native alpine plant species. Considering the sensitive nature of alpine ecosystems, integrated weed management may be a means of preventing invasive species from going out of control. The present study investigated the allelopathic effect of Elsholtzia strobilifera on the germination and growth characteristics of Himalayan knotweed (Koenigia polystachya, syn. Polygonum polystachyum) under both field and laboratory conditions. The germination of seeds under laboratory conditions was studied by using different dilutions of hydrosol and aqueous extracts derived from E. strobilifera. In our field study, seedlings of K. polystachya were planted together with E. strobilifera in their natural habitat at a nursery. The study indicates that the seed germination and morphological parameters of seedlings were significantly inhibited by different dilutions of hydrosol and extract (reduction by 83–96% and 62–73%, respectively). In field conditions, significant inhibition in the morphological characteristics of K. polystachya was observed when grown in association with E. strobilifera. The results reveal that E. strobilifera has a significant allelopathic effect on K. polystachya. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that growing plants of E. strobilifera around K. polystachya may be a novel approach to curbing the spread of the latter and suppressing the population of this species in ecologically sensitive alpine or other endangered areas.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to director of the High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Center (HAPPRC) Tungnath, for providing necessary facilities and also the field staff at the alpine field station of the HAPPRC, especially Mr Karan Singh, for help in the maintenance of the field experimental set-up.

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  1. High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre (HAPPRC), H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India

    Sudeep Chandra, Vaishali Chandola, Anant Ram Nautiyal, Mohan Chandra Nautiyal & Vijay Kant Purohit

  2. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA, Temperate Agriculture, Pelotas, Brazil

    Germani Concenco

  3. G.B. Pant ‘National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Garhwal Unit, Srinagar Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India

    Lakhpat Singh Rawat

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Contributions

ARN, MCN and GC designed the experiment, SC and VC conducted the experiment. SC, GC and LS analysed the data, and SC, VC and ARN wrote the manuscript. MCN and VKP reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Vaishali Chandola.

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The co-authors of this article acknowledge the support and expertise of Dr L. S. Rawat, who has sadly passed away. His contributions to science and research are immense and will be remembered forever.

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Lakhpat Singh Rawat deceased in December, 2023.

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Chandra, S., Chandola, V., Concenco, G. et al. Scoping the Allelopathic Potential of Elsholtzia strobilifera for Managing Himalayan Knotweed Koenigia polystachya, an Invasive Species in Alpine Ecosystems. Folia Geobot 58, 317–332 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-024-09446-9

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