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Role of above- and belowground traits in the functional structure and species dominance of tropical fern communities in response to edge effects

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Abstract

Recent investigations have revealed the coordination and trade-offs between above- and belowground traits in structuring functional strategies of plant communities, but none of these have addressed ferns, a diverse plant lineage in tropical forests. We investigated terrestrial ferns from the perspective of how below- and aboveground traits are coordinated with functional responses to forest edges, which represent a significant part of the world’s forest cover. Specifically, we examined differences in functional strategies between forest edges and forest interior as well as traits associated with species dominance. Fern richness and abundance were sampled in 24 edge plots and 44 interior plots within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We obtained data for five leaf traits and three rhizome traits. Ferns did not express any functional coordination between above- and belowground traits. At the edge, ferns did not display functional homogenization. In both the interior and at the edge, ferns exhibited multiple trait covariations across a broad spectrum of plant sizes and leaf numbers, associated with rhizome type and the presence of leaf trichomes and stolons. There were no cohesive functional groups of generalists or of exclusive species of forest edges and the forest interior. Fern species dominance was related to the species-specific number of leaves and the presence of stolons. We conclude that below- and aboveground traits did neither respond in conjunction nor as a functional response to edge effects. However, both kinds of traits affected the functional structure and species dominance of fern communities at the edge and in the interior of the forest.

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Data Availability

Data produced from this study are provided in this manuscript as electronic supplementary material. The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the two anonymous reviewers and the editor Jitka Klimešová, who offered constructive criticism on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, Campus de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brasil

    Rafael de Paiva Farias

  2. Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, Xalapa, 91073, Veracruz, México

    Klaus Mehltreter

  3. Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Campus Recife, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brasil

    Mércia Patrícia Pereira Silva & Milena Nunes Bernardes Goetz

  4. Laboratório de Acarologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, Lajeado, 95914-014, Brasil

    Vinícius Leão da Silva

  5. Unidade Educacional Penedo, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca, Av. Beira Rio, s/n - Centro, Penedo, Alagoas, 57200-000, Brasil

    Jairo Lizandro Schmitt

  6. Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, Pará, 66055-093, Brasil

    Lucas Erickson Nascimento da Costa

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Contributions

RPF and LENC contributed to the study conception and design. Data collection was performed by MNBG, RPF and LENC. Data analyses were performed by LENC and MPPS. KM, VLS and JLS contributed to the interpretation of the results. The first draft of the manuscript was written by RPF and LENC with support from all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rafael de Paiva Farias.

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de Paiva Farias, R., Mehltreter, K., Silva, M.P.P. et al. Role of above- and belowground traits in the functional structure and species dominance of tropical fern communities in response to edge effects. Folia Geobot 58, 275–291 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-024-09444-x

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