Abstract
Systemic infections caused by pathogenic Candida species pose a significant threat to public health in the past decades due to increasing resistance to existing antifungal drugs. Given this scenario, probiotics have been suggested as an alternative approach for managing Candida infections. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii co-aggregate with Candida spp. as well as to determine their auto-aggregation ability in dependence on temperature (28 °C, 37 °C, 42 °C) and pH (4.5, 7.0, 8.5) after 5 h and 24 h. Our results revealed that the aggregation of tested yeasts was lower in the first 5 h but increased significantly after 24 h. All strains were able to auto-aggregate in different degrees ranging from 47.46 to 95.95% assessed at 24 h of incubation. Among them the highest auto-aggregation values had C. albicans and C. krusei strains followed by probiotic strain S. boulardii, while the less were observed in C. glabrata strains. In addition, co-aggregation between probiotic and Candida strains was strain-specific. It was evident that S. boulardii significantly inhibited the aggregation of C. albicans ATCC 10261, C. krusei ATCC 6258, and C. glabrata ZIM 2369. However, in C. glabrata ZIM 2382, the aggregation was even enhanced. Temperature and pH also affected the ability to aggregate in a different way only after 5 h of incubation, with the highest cell aggregation evidenced at temperature 37 °C in most cases and pH 4.5. These findings may be of importance when trying to establish probiotic use against pathogenic Candida species.
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Funding
Ružica Tomičić thank Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development Republic of Serbia (project no. 451–03-9/2021–14/200134) for financial support during study stay at Biotechnical faculty in Ljubljana. Thank doc. dr Neža Čadež for microbial strains.
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Ružica Tomičić performed experimental work, wrote the manuscript, and contributed in conception, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data. Zorica Tomičić contributed in experimental work, acquisition, and analysis of the data. Peter Raspor contributed in analysis and interpretation of the data and reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Tomičić, R., Tomičić, Z. & Raspor, P. Influence of culture conditions on co-aggregation of probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii with Candida spp. and their auto-aggregation. Folia Microbiol 67, 507–515 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-022-00956-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-022-00956-7