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Using the Embedded Element Finite-Element Method to Simulate Impact of Dyneema® Plates

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Abstract

The embedded finite-element technique provides a unique approach for modeling of fiber-reinforced composites. Meshing fibers as distinct bundles represented by truss elements embedded in a matrix material mesh allow for the assignment of more specific material properties for each component rather than homogenization of all the properties. This approach also allows for different damage and failure properties to be assigned the matrix and fiber materials which could provide new insight into the failure of the composite material, but also presents unique challenges in the implementation of the finite-element method. Here, we present a proof-of-concept model of a plate of Dyneema® under impact conditions using the embedded element method to represent the cross-ply fibers grouped into truss elements. We show that the embedded truss elements provide an easy way to implement the orthotropic material properties and transmit stress waves through the plate in a way that is consistent with images from experimental data.

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Availability of Data and Materials

The data that support the findings of this study are available within this article and from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

UHMWPE:

Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene

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Funding

This work was supported by Triad National Security, LLC which operates Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract 293402. In addition, the authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Institute for Computational and Data Sciences at the Pennsylvania State University. R.H.K. was partially supported by the National Science Foundation CAREER award under Award No. 1846059. Any opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of by Penn State University, Triad National Security, LLC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, or the National Science Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 320, Leonhard Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Valerie A. Martin, Thomas W. Hannah & Reuben H. Kraft

  2. Los Alamos National Lab, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA

    Steve Ellis

Authors
  1. Valerie A. Martin
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  2. Thomas W. Hannah
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  4. Reuben H. Kraft
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Contributions

VM contributed to the design of the work, the acquisition, analysis, interpretation of data, the creation of finite-element models used in the work, and drafted and revised the paper. RK contributed to the conception and design of the work analysis, and draft revision. TH contributed to the experimental work, drafting, and draft revision. SE contributed to the conception and design of the work.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Valerie A. Martin or Reuben H. Kraft.

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Conflict of interest

Reuben Kraft has a financial interest in BrainSim Technologies Inc., a company which could potentially benefit from the results of this research. This interest has been reviewed by Penn State University in accordance with its Individual Conflict of Interest policy for the purpose of maintaining the objectivity and integrity in research and is being managed.

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Martin, V.A., Hannah, T.W., Ellis, S. et al. Using the Embedded Element Finite-Element Method to Simulate Impact of Dyneema® Plates. Fibers Polym 25, 619–630 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00417-z

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