Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Lignocellulosic Fiber-Reinforced Biopolymer Green Composites: A Review

  • Review
  • Published:
Fibers and Polymers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sustainability has been a global awareness due to the serious reduction of synthetic materials, especially petroleum. Many sectors and researchers have shifted toward lignocellulosic fibers from biomass wastes to replace synthetic fibers and reinforced bio-based polymer composites. The shift in composite landscape toward green composites is due to their availability, low carbon emission, and biodegradability. Generally, green composites can be hybridized with various lignocellulosic fibers and they have high potential in the civil and automotive fields due to their mechanical performance. Nevertheless, research has found that they have inappropriate matches for the unique material attributes of green composites even though many studies have covered this topic. Studies on the mechanical performance of hybrid natural fibers green composites are still very limited. Overall, there are various mechanical properties of hybrid lignocellulosic fibers depending on their physical properties, orientation and sequence, treatments, polymers, and fabrication methods. From these considerations, a series of matching application properties are explained: these include structural applications for many industries. Thus, this review article establishes critical discussions on the mechanical properties of hybrid natural fibers reinforced biopolymer green composites. Some studies have identified the research gaps and deduced that the potential applications of hybrid green composites have not been explored.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability statement

The data used to support the findings of this review are included within the article.

References

  1. S.S.S. Ali, M.R. Razman, A. Awang, M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R. Ishak, R.A. Ilyas, R.J. Lawrence, Sustainability 13, 4441 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Z.B. Roslan, Z. Ramli, M.R. Razman, M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R. Ishak, R.A. Ilyas, N.M. Nurazzi, Sustainability 13, 8705 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. R. M. Asyraf, T. Khan, A. Syamsir, and A. B. M. Supian, Materials (Basel) 15 (2022)

  4. M. R. M. Asyraf, A. Syamsir, N. M. Zahari, A. B. M. Supian, M. R. Ishak, S. M. Sapuan, A. Rashedi, S. Sharma, M. R. Razman, R. A. Ilyas, and M. Z. A. Rashid, Polymers (Basel) (2022)

  5. R.A. Ilyas, M.Y.M. Zuhri, H.A. Aisyah, M.R.M. Asyraf, S.A. Hassan, E.S. Zainudin, S.M. Sapuan, S. Sharma, S.P. Bangar, R. Jumaidin, Y. Nawab, A.A.M. Faudzi, H. Abral, M. Asrofi, E. Syafri, N.H. Sari, Polymers (Basel). 14, 202 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, M.M. Harussani, M.Y.A.Y. Hakimi, M.Z.M. Haziq, M.S.N. Atikah, M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R. Ishak, M.R. Razman, N.M. Nurazzi, M.N.F. Norrrahim, H. Abral, M. Asrofi, Polymers (Basel). 13, 1326 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. M.R. Mansor, S.M. Sapuan, A. Hambali, Appl. Mech. Mater. 761, 63 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  8. M.T. Mastura, S.M. Sapuan, M.R. Mansor, A.A. Nuraini, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 91, 2031 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  9. M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R. Ishak, M.N.F. Norrrahim, N.M. Nurazzi, S.S. Shazleen, R.A. Ilyas, M. Rafidah, M.R. Razman, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 193, 1587 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. E. Madenci, Y.O. Özkılıç, C. Aksoylu, M.R.M. Asyraf, A. Syamsir, A.B.M. Supian, N. Mamaev, Materials (Basel). 16, 614 (2023)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. S.M. Khoshnava, R. Rostami, M. Ismail, A.R. Rahmat, B.E. Ogunbode, Constr. Build. Mater. 154, 155 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. N.M. Nurazzi, A. Khalina, S.M. Sapuan, R.A. Ilyas, S.A. Rafiqah, Z.M. Hanafee, J. Mater. Res. Technol. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.11.086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. M.R.M. Asyraf, A. Syamsir, A.B.M. Supian, F. Usman, R.A. Ilyas, N.M. Nurazzi, M.N.F. Norrrahim, M.R. Razman, S.Z.S. Zakaria, S. Sharma, Z. Itam, M.Z.A. Rashid, Materials (Basel). 15, 3852 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. A.S. Rajawat, S. Singh, B. Gangil, L. Ranakoti, S. Sharma, M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R. Razman, Polymers (Basel). 14, 1325 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. R. Shalini, A. Singh, J. Food Sci. Technol 5, 16 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, S. Hanida, C. W. Kang, N. A. Nik Fuaad, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 26, 203 (2007)

  17. M.N.F. Norrrahim, V.F. Knight, N.M. Nurazzi, M.A. Jenol, M.S.M. Misenan, N. Janudin, N.A.M. Kasim, M.F.A. Shukor, R.A. Ilyas, M.R.M. Asyraf, J. Naveen, Polymers (Basel). 14, 4461 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R. Ishak, S.M. Sapuan, N. Yidris, Polymers (Basel). 13, 620 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. M.R.M. Asyraf, A. Syamsir, H. Bathich, Z. Itam, A.B.M. Supian, S. Norhisham, N.M. Nurazzi, T. Khan, M.Z.A. Rashid, Fibers Polym. 23, 3232 (2022)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R. Ishak, S.M. Sapuan, N. Yidris, M. Rafidah, R.A. Ilyas, M.R. Razman, Int. J. Polym. Sci. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8878300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. A.N. Johari, M.R. Ishak, Z. Leman, M.Z.M. Yusoff, M.R.M. Asyraf, Polimery 65, 46 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  22. S. N. Monteiro, F. P. Lopes, A. S. Ferreira, D. C. Nascimento, Jom 61 (2009)

  23. A.K. Mohanty, M. Misra, G. Hinrichsen, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 276–277, 1 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  24. M.R.M. Asyraf, M. Rafidah, M.R. Ishak, S.M. Sapuan, N. Yidris, R.A. Ilyas, M.R. Razman, Polym. Compos. 41, 2917 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R. Ishak, S.M. Sapuan, N. Yidris, R.A. Ilyas, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 9, 6759 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  26. P. Ghosh, P.K. Ganguly, Plast. Rubber Compos. Process. Appl. 20, 171 (1993)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. K.G. Satyanarayana, G.G.C. Arizaga, F. Wypych, Prog. Polym. Sci. 34, 982 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. H. Ku, H. Wang, N. Pattarachaiyakoop, M. Trada, Compos. Part B Eng. 42, 856 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  29. M. Ramesh, K. Palanikumar, K.H. Reddy, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 79, 558 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  30. A.H. Alias, M.N. Norizan, F.A. Sabaruddin, M.R.M. Asyraf, M.N.F. Norrrahim, A.R. Ilyas, A.M. Kuzmin, M. Rayung, S.S. Shazleen, A. Nazrin, S.F.K. Sherwani, M.M. Harussani, M.S.N. Atikah, M.R. Ishak, S.M. Sapuan, A. Khalina, Coatings 11, 1355 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R. Ishak, A. Syamsir, N.M. Nurazzi, F.A. Sabaruddin, S.S. Shazleen, M.N.F. Norrrahim, M. Rafidah, R.A. Ilyas, M.Z.A. Rashid, M.R. Razman, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 17, 33 (2022)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. R.A. Ilyas, M.Y.M. Zuhri, M.N.F. Norrrahim, M.S.M. Misenan, M.A. Jenol, S.A. Samsudin, N.M. Nurazzi, M.R.M. Asyraf, A.B.M. Supian, S.P. Bangar, R. Nadlene, S. Sharma, A.A.B. Omran, Polymers (Basel). 14, 182 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. S. N. Monteiro, K. G. Satyanarayana, A. S. Ferreira, D. C. O. Nascimento, F. P. D. Lopes, I. L. A. Silva, A. B. Bevitori, W. P. Inácio, J. Bravo Neto, T. G. Portela, Rev. Mater. 15, 488 (2010)

  34. M.N. Norizan, A.H. Alias, F.A. Sabaruddin, M.R.M. Asyraf, S.S. Shazleen, N.A. Mohidem, S.H. Kamarudin, M.N.F. Norrrahim, A.I. Rushdan, M.R. Ishak, N. Abdullah, N.M. Nor, Funct. Compos. Struct. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac351b

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. N. M. Nurazzi, M. R. M. Asyraf, S. Fatimah Athiyah, S. S. Shazleen, S. A. Rafiqah, M. M. Harussani, S. H. Kamarudin, M. R. Razman, M. Rahmah, E. S. Zainudin, R. A. Ilyas, H. A. Aisyah, M. N. F. Norrrahim, N. Abdullah, S. M. Sapuan, A. Khalina, Polymers (Basel) 13, 2170 (2021)

  36. M.Z. Asyraf, M.J. Suriani, C.M. Ruzaidi, A. Khalina, R.A. Ilyas, M.R.M. Asyraf, A. Syamsir, A. Azmi, A. Mohamed, Sustainability 14, 7092 (2022)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. N. Karthi, K. Kumaresan, S. Sathish, S. Gokulkumar, L. Prabhu, N. Vigneshkumar, Mater. Today Proc. 27, 2828 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  38. M. A. Azman, M. R. M. Asyraf, A. Khalina, M. Petrů, C. M. Ruzaidi, S. M. Sapuan, W. B. Wan Nik, M. R. Ishak, R. A. Ilyas, M. J. Suriani, Polymers (Basel) 13, 1917 (2021)

  39. M. R. M. Asyraf, M. R. Ishak, M. N. F. Norrrahim, A. L. Amir, N. M. Nurazzi, R. A. Ilyas, M. Asrofi, M. Rafidah, M. R. Razman, Fibers Polym. 23, 3232–3240 (2022)

  40. M.R.M. Asyraf, A. Syamsir, N.M. Zahari, A.B.M. Supian, F. Usman, Z. Itam, Polymers (Basel). 14, 4064 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2016)

  42. A. Kadier, R.A. Ilyas, M.R.M. Huzaifah, N. Harihastuti, S.M. Sapuan, M.M. Harussani, M.N.M. Azlin, R. Yuliasni, R. Ibrahim, M.S.N. Atikah, J. Wang, K. Chandrasekhar, M.A. Islam, S. Sharma, S. Punia, A. Rajasekar, M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R. Ishak, Polymers (Basel). 13, 3365 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. S.H.K. Bahrain, N.N.C.A. Rahim, J. Mahmud, M.N. Mohammed, S.M. Sapuan, R.A. Ilyas, S.E. Alkhatib, M.R.M. Asyraf, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 6338 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. R. A. Ilyas, S. M. Sapuan, M. R. M. Asyraf, D. A. Z. N. Dayana, J. J. N. Amelia, M. S. A. Rani, M. N. F. Norrrahim, N. M. Nurazzi, H. A. Aisyah, S. Sharma, M. R. Ishak, M. Rafidah, M. R. Razman, Polymers (Basel). 13, 1701 (2021)

  45. F. Reux. Worldwide composites market: Main trends of the composites industry. in 5th Innovative Composites Summit - JEC ASIA 2012. 26–28 June 2012. Singapore

  46. S.H.K. Bahrain, N.R.N. Masdek, J. Mahmud, M.N. Mohammed, S.M. Sapuan, R.A. Ilyas, A. Mohamed, M.A. Shamseldin, A. Abdelrahman, M.R.M. Asyraf, Materials (Basel). 15, 4062 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. N.M. Nurazzi, A. Khalina, M. Chandrasekar, H.A. Aisyah, S.A. Rafiqah, R.A. Ilyas, Z.M. Hanafee, Polimery 65, 115 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  48. A.M.N. Azammi, S.M. Sapuan, M.R. Ishak, M.T.H. Sultan, Def. Technol. 14, 268 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  49. N. Mazani, S. M. Sapuan, M. L. Sanyang, A. Atiqah, and R. A. Ilyas, Design and Fabrication of a Shoe Shelf From Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites, in Lignocellulose for Future Bioeconomy, Edited by H. Ariffin, S. M. Sapuan, M. A. Hassan, Amsterdam, Netherland, Elsevier Inc. (2019), pp. 315–332 https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816354-2.00017-7

  50. A. Bismarck, S. Mishra, T. Lampke, Plant fibers as reinforcement for green composites (2005). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203508206.ch2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. P. Ramadevi, D. Sampathkumar, C.V. Srinivasa, B. Bennehalli, BioResources 7, 3515 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  52. S. Kasiviswanathan, K. Santhanam, A. Kumaravel, Carbon -. Sci. Technol. 7, 43 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  53. C.Y. Lai, S.M. Sapuan, M. Ahmad, N. Yahya, K. Dahlan, Polym. Technol. Eng. 44, 619 (2005)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. W. Chen, K. Abe, K. Uetani, H. Yu, Y. Liu, H. Yano, Cellulose 21, 1517 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. M. Chandrasekar, R. M. Shahroze, M. R. Ishak, N. Saba, M. Jawaid, K. Senthilkumar, T. S. M. Kumar, S. Siengchin, Mater. Res. Express 6 (2019)

  56. T. Berhanu, P. Kumar, I. Singh, 5th Int. 26th All India Manuf. Technol. Des. Res. Conf. (AIMTDR 2014) 2 (2014)

  57. M.S. Sreekala, M.G. Kumaran, S. Joseph, M. Jacob, S. Thomas, Appl. Compos. Mater. 7, 295 (2000)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. N.M. Nurazzi, M.R.M. Asyraf, A. Khalina, N. Abdullah, H.A. Aisyah, S.A. Rafiqah, F.A. Sabaruddin, M.N.F. Kamarudin, R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, Polym. 13, 646 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. M.R. Ishak, Z. Leman, S.M. Sapuan, M.Y. Salleh, S. Misri, Int. J. Mech. Mater. Eng. ( IJMME ) 4, 316 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  60. R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, M.R. Ishak, E.S. Zainudin, BioResources 12, 8734 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. M. Jawaid, H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, Carbohydr. Polym. 86, 1 (2011)

  62. B. Vijaya Ramnath, S. Junaid Kokan, R. Niranjan Raja, R. Sathyanarayanan, C. Elanchezhian, A. Rajendra Prasad, V. M. Manickavasagam, Mater. Des. 51, 357 (2013)

  63. R.A. Braga, P.A.A. Magalhaes, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 56, 269 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. R. Bhoopathi, M. Ramesh, C. Deepa, Procedia Eng. 97, 2032 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. M. J. M. Ridzuan, M. S. Abdul Majid, M. Afendi, K. Azduwin, N. A. M. Amin, J. M. Zahri, A. G. Gibson, Compos. Struct 141, 110 (2016)

  66. A. Athijayamani, M. Thiruchitrambalam, U. Natarajan, B. Pazhanivel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 517, 344 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  67. N.P. Singh, L. Aggarwal, V.K. Gupta, Mater. Today Proc. 2, 3140 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. N. Venkateshwaran, A. ElayaPerumal, A. Alavudeen, M. Thiruchitrambalam, Mater. Des. 32, 4017 (2011)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Y. Swolfs, L. Gorbatikh, I. Verpoest, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 67, 181 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. K.L. Pickering, M.G.A. Efendy, T.M. Le, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 83, 98 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. M. I. Misnon, M. M. Islam, J. A. Epaarachchi, K. tak Lau, Mater. Des. 59, 359 (2014)

  72. G. M. A. Khan, M. Terano, M. A. Gafur, M. S. Alam, J. King Saud Univ. - Eng. Sci. 28, 69 (2016)

  73. A. Alavudeen, N. Rajini, S. Karthikeyan, M. Thiruchitrambalam, N. Venkateshwaren, Mater. Des. 66, 246 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Y. Dan-Mallam, M. Z. Abdullah, P. S. M. Megat Yusoff, Polym. Compos. 35, 1900 (2014)

  75. S.K. Ramamoorthy, M. Skrifvars, A. Persson, Polym. Rev. 55, 107 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. M.S. Smole, S. Hribernik, K.S. Kleinschek, T. Kreže, Plant Fibres for Textile and Technical Applications, in Advances in Agrophysical Research, Edited by S. Grundas and A. Stepniewski (2013). https://doi.org/10.5772/52372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. D. Jones, G. O. Ormondroyd, S. F. Curling, C.-M. Popescu, Chemical compositions of natural fibres, in Advanced High Strength Natural Fibre Composites in Construction, Edited by M. Fan and F. Fu, Woodhead Publishing (2017), pp. 23–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100411-1.00002-9

  78. M. Bouasker, N. Belayachi, D. Hoxha, M. Al-Mukhtar, Materials (Basel). 7 (2014)

  79. M. S. Smole, S. Hribernik, Grass Fibers, Physical Properties, in Encyclopedia of Agrophysics, Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, Edited by J. Gliński, J. Horabik, and J. Lipiec, Springer, Dordrecht (2011), pp. 333–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1_212

  80. F. Segovia, P. Blanchet, A. Laghdir, A. Cloutier, Int. Wood Prod. J. 4, 225 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  81. M.R. Ishak, Z. Leman, S.M. Sapuan, A.M.M. Edeerozey, I.S. Othman, I.O.P. Conf, Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 11, 012006 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  82. N.M. Nurazzi, M.R.M. Asyraf, M. Rayung, M.N.F. Norrrahim, S.S. Shazleen, M.S.A. Rani, A.R. Shafi, H.A. Aisyah, M.H.M. Radzi, F.A. Sabaruddin, R.A. Ilyas, E.S. Zainudin, K. Abdan, Polymers (Basel). 13, 2710 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. D.U. Shah, D. Porter, F. Vollrath, Compos. Sci. Technol. 101, 173 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. C.N.A. Jaafar, M.A.M. Rizal, I. Zainol, Int. J. Eng. Technol. 7, 258 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. A. Mustafa, M. F. Bin Abdollah, F. F. Shuhimi, N. Ismail, H. Amiruddin, N. Umehara, Mater. Des. 67, 577 (2015)

  86. M.R. Ishak, S.M. Sapuan, Z. Leman, M.Z.A. Rahman, U.M.K. Anwar, J.P. Siregar, Carbohydr. Polym. 91, 699 (2013)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. N. Cruthers, D. Carr, R. Laing, Text. Hist. 40, 103 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  88. M.R.M. Huzaifah, S.M. Sapuan, Z. Leman, M.R. Ishak, BioResources 12, 9366 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. S. Amaducci, M.T. Amaducci, R. Benati, G. Venturi, Ind. Crops Prod. 11, 179 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  90. M.R.M. Asyraf, M. Rafidah, A. Azrina, M.R. Razman, Cellulose 28, 2675 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. R.A. Ilyas, H.A. Aisyah, A.H. Nordin, N. Ngadi, M.Y.M. Zuhri, M.R.M. Asyraf, S.M. Sapuan, E.S. Zainudin, S. Sharma, H. Abral, M. Asrofi, E. Syafri, N.H. Sari, M. Rafidah, M.R. Razman, N.A. Majid, Z. Ramli, A. Azmi, S.P. Bangar, R. Ibrahim, Polymers (Basel). 14, 874 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  92. K.L. Pickering, G.W. Beckermann, S.N. Alam, N.J. Foreman, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 38, 461 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  93. H.L. Bos, M.J.A. Van Den Oever, O.C.J.J. Peters, J. Mater. Sci. 37, 1683 (2002)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R. Ishak, S.M. Sapuan, N. Yidris, Fibers Polym. 22, 793 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. K. Charlet, C. Baley, C. Morvan, J.P. Jernot, M. Gomina, J. Bréard, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 38, 1912 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  96. Y. Li, H. Ma, Y. Shen, Q. Li, Z. Zheng, Compos. Sci. Technol. 108, 32 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. B. Madsen, H. Lilholt, Compos. Sci. Technol. 63, 1265 (2003)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. P. Chen, C. Lu, Q. Yu, Y. Gao, J. Li, X. Li, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 102, 2544 (2006)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. X.F. Wu, Y.A. Dzenis, Acta Mech. 185, 215 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  100. N.M. Nurazzi, A. Khalina, S.M. Sapuan, R.A. Ilyas, Polimery 64, 12 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  101. M.S. Sreekala, S. Thomas, Compos. Sci. Technol. 63, 861 (2003)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. B. Singh, M. Gupta, A. Verma, Polym. Compos. 17, 910 (1996)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. O. Faruk, A.K. Bledzki, H.P. Fink, M. Sain, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 299, 9 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. K.V. Krishna, K. Kanny, Compos. Part B Eng. 104, 111 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. M.M. Kabir, H. Wang, K.T. Lau, F. Cardona, Compos. Part B Eng. 43, 2883 (2012)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. M.R. Ishak, S.M. Sapuan, Z. Leman, M.Z.A. Rahman, U.M.K. Anwar, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 109, 981 (2012)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. M.A. Sawpan, K.L. Pickering, A. Fernyhough, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 42, 310 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  108. D. Bachtiar, S.M. Sapuan, M.M. Hamdan, Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng. 1, 79 (2010)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. A. Alawar, A.M. Hamed, K. Al-Kaabi, Compos. Part B Eng. 40, 601 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  110. M. Das, D. Chakraborty, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 28, 1339 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. A. Dilfi K.F., A. Balan, H. Bin, G. Xian, S. Thomas, Polym. Compos. 39, E2519 (2018)

  112. A.K. Bledzki, A.A. Mamun, M. Lucka-Gabor, V.S. Gutowski, Express Polym. Lett. 2, 413 (2008)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. C.A.S. Hill, Wood Modification: Chemical, Thermal and Other Processes, Chichester, West Sussex, UK. John Wiley & Sons (2006). https://doi.org/10.1002/0470021748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. N.E. Zafeiropoulos, P.E. Vickers, C.A. Baillie, J.F. Watts, J. Mater. Sci. 38, 3903 (2003)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. S. Ifuku, S. Morooka, M. Morimoto, H. Saimoto, Biomacromol 11, 1326 (2010)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. N. Lu, S. Oza, Compos. Part B Eng. 44, 484 (2013)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. D. Cho, H.S. Lee, S.O. Han, Compos. Interfaces 16, 711 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. K.L. Pickering, A. Abdalla, C. Ji, A.G. McDonald, R.A. Franich, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 34, 915 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  119. R. Arjmandi, A. Ismail, A. Hassan, A. Abu Bakar, Constr. Build. Mater. 152, 484 (2017)

  120. M. R. M. Asyraf, M. R. Ishak, S. M. Sapuan, N. Yidris, R. A. Ilyas, M. Rafidah, M. R. Razman, Adv. Civ. Eng. 6980918 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6980918

  121. A.L. Amir, M.R. Ishak, N. Yidris, M.Y.M. Zuhri, M.R.M. Asyraf, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 13, 1115 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. A.L. Amir, M.R. Ishak, N. Yidris, M.Y.M. Zuhri, M.R.M. Asyraf, Polymers (Basel). 13, 1341 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  123. M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R. Ishak, A. Syamsir, A.L. Amir, N.M. Nurazzi, M.N.F. Norrrahim, M. Asrofi, M. Rafidah, R.A. Ilyas, M.Z.A. Rashid, M.R. Razman, Polym. Bull. 80, 1059–1084 (2023)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. ASTM D638: Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics, West Conshohocken, PA, USA (2004)

  125. P. Toro, R. Quijada, M. Yazdani-Pedram, J.L. Arias, Mater. Lett. 61, 4347 (2007)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. ASTM D790: Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, USA (2017)

  127. ASTM D6110: Standard Test Method for Determining the Charpy Impact Resistance of Notched Specimens of Plastics, (2010)

  128. R. Ranjan, P.K. Bajpai, R.K. Tyagi, Eng. Int. 1, 39 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  129. B. Asaithambi, G. Ganesan, S. Ananda Kumar, Fibers Polym. 15, 847 (2014)

  130. A. A. J. Kumar, M. Prakash, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/0954406220911072

  131. H. Ibrahim, M. Farag, H. Megahed, S. Mehanny, Carbohydr. Polym. 101, 11 (2014)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. M. M. Hossen, J. Feng, Y. Yuxiang, W. Jiang, Mater. Res. Express 7 (2020)

  133. H. J. Kwon, T. J. Chung, J. H. Lee, H. J. Kim, S. Jeon, J. Korean Timber Sci. Res. 82 (2012)

  134. R.B. Yusoff, H. Takagi, A.N. Nakagaito, Ind. Crops Prod. 94, 562 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. R. Siakeng, M. Jawaid, H. Ariffin, S. M. Sapuan, 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.24978

  136. M. Asim, M. Jawaid, K. Abdan, M.R. Ishak, O.Y. Alothman, J. Renew. Mater. 6, 38 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. J. Duan, H. Wu, W. Fu, M. Hao, Polym. Compos. 39, E188 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. A. Pappu, K.L. Pickering, V.K. Thakur, Ind. Crops Prod. 137, 260 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. M. Jacob, S. Thomas, K.T. Varughese, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 93, 2305 (2004)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. A. Athijayamani, M. Chrispin Das, S. Sekar, K. Ramanathan, BioResources 12 (2017)

  141. A. Edhirej, S.M. Sapuan, M. Jawaid, N.I. Zahari, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 101, 75 (2017)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. M.I.J. Ibrahim, S.M. Sapuan, E.S. Zainudin, M.Y.M. Zuhri, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 9, 200 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. R. Jumaidin, S.M. Sapuan, M. Jawaid, M.R. Ishak, J. Sahari, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 97, 606 (2017)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. D. Logendran, D. Muruganandam, J. Arunarasi, P. Karthick, A. Abraham Eben Andrews, R. Pradhan, Mater. Today Proc. 33, 2842 (2020)

  145. A. Alhayek, A. Syamsir, A.B.M. Supian, F. Usman, M.R.M. Asyraf, M.A. Atiqah, Polymers (Basel). 14, 1330 (2022)

  146. A.B.M. Supian, S.M. Sapuan, M. Jawaid, M.Y.M. Zuhri, R.A. Ilyas, A. Syamsir, Fibers Polym. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-021-0169-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  147. A. Syamsir, A. Nadhirah, D. Mohamad, S. Beddu, M.R.M. Asyraf, Z. Itam, V. Anggraini, Polymers (Basel). 14, 1563 (2022)

  148. N.M. Ishak, D. Sivakumar, M.R. Mansor, J. Brazilian Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 40, 1 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  149. M.U. Rosli, M.K.A. Ariffin, S.M. Sapuan, S. Sulaiman, Int. J. Eng. Technol. 5, 3158 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  150. M.A. Shaharuzaman, S.M. Sapuan, M.R. Mansor, M.Y.M. Zuhri, J. Renew. Mater. 8, 549 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  151. M.R. Mansor, S.M. Sapuan, E.S. Zainudin, A.A. Nuraini, Mater. Des. 54, 473 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. M. N. Norizan, S. S. Shazleen, A. H. Alias, F. A. Sabaruddin, M. R. M. Asyraf, E. S. Zainudin, N. Abdullah, M. S. Samsudin, S. H. Kamarudin, M. N. F. Norrrahim, Nanomaterials 12 (2022)

  153. M.P. Ho, H. Wang, J.H. Lee, C.K. Ho, K.T. Lau, J. Leng, D. Hui, Compos. Part B Eng. 43, 3549 (2012)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. M.R.M. Asyraf, M. Rafidah, S. Ebadi, A. Azrina, M.R. Razman, Cellulose 29, 6493 (2022)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. A. Hernandez, J. Graham-Jones, J. Summerscales, W. Hall, Resin transfer moulding (RTM) to produce surfboard fins with natural fibres, (2013), pp. 577–583

  156. H. Fu, M. Dun, H. Wang, W. Wang, R. Ou, Y. Wang, T. Liu, Q. Wang, Constr. Build. Mater. 237, 117499 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. S. Siti, H.P.S. Abdul, W.O. Wan, M. Jawai, Mater. Sci. - Adv. Top. (2013). https://doi.org/10.5772/56057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. H. Oliver-Ortega, M.À. Chamorro-Trenado, J. Soler, P. Mutjé, F. Vilaseca, F.X. Espinach, Constr. Build. Mater. 168, 422 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. N. Uddin, R. R. Kalyankar, Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2011 (2011)

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like express gratitude for the research support received from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia through the project “Characterizations of Hybrid Kenaf Fibre/Fibreglass Meshes Reinforced Thermoplastic ABS Composites for Future Use in Aircraft Radome Applications, grant number PY/2022/03758 — Q.J130000.3824.31J25”.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf

  2. Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf & Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas

  3. Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Agusril Syamsir

  4. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak

  5. Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Salit Mohd Sapuan

  6. Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Norizan Mohd Nurazzi

  7. Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim

  8. Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas

  9. Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, 11586, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Tabrej Khan

  10. TNB Grid Division, Grid Solution Expertise (GSE), Bangunan Dua Sentral, No. 8, Jalan Tun Sambanthan, 50470, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Mohamad Zakir Abd Rashid

Authors
  1. Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Agusril Syamsir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Salit Mohd Sapuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Norizan Mohd Nurazzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Tabrej Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Mohamad Zakir Abd Rashid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf or Agusril Syamsir.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The author declare no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Asyraf, M.R.M., Syamsir, A., Ishak, M.R. et al. Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Lignocellulosic Fiber-Reinforced Biopolymer Green Composites: A Review. Fibers Polym 24, 337–353 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00034-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00034-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation