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Coupling Enhancement Effect of the Magnetic Field and Wall Superheat on Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of Magnetic Nanofluid (MNF) under Reduced Gravity

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Abstract

How to reduce or even eliminate the influence of gravity on boiling heat transfer, how to restrain the emergence of abnormally large bubbles and how to prevent the large decrease of critical heat flux (CHF) are the key to enhancing boiling heat transfer under reduced gravity. Magnetic nanofluid (MNF) boiling is one of the effective methods to solve the above problem. Under reduced gravity, the wall superheat has a crucial influence on the dynamics of the bubbles and boiling heat transfer. However, it has been unsolved whether the application of an external magnetic field can enhance the influence of wall superheat on boiling thermal dynamics or not. Based on the author's previous research, the influence of wall superheat on the enhanced heat transfer of MNF boiling under reduced gravity is further studied by using the computational model of MNF boiling heat transfer under external magnetic field. In this paper, the phase interface dynamics evolution and heat transfer characteristics of MNF boiling under the dual influence of wall superheat and magnetic field are described for the first time. The results show that the application of the magnetic field retards the flow state development of MNF film boiling compared with the results without the magnetic field. As the wall superheat increases, whether magnetic field is applied or not, the heat flux enhancement ratio with respect to wall superheat of 2 K under the various gravity level is almost the same. The effect of the wall superheat on boiling heat transfer characteristics under reduced gravity is enhanced by the application of external magnetic field. When the magnetic field of H = 20 kA/m is applied and the wall superheat is 6 K, under the three gravity levels of g/ge = 1.0, g/ge = 0.44 and g/ge = 0.11, the heat flux with respect to wall superheat of 2 K can be enhanced up to 22.7%, 53.9% and 150.1%, furthermore, the heat flux enhancement rate can be enhanced up to 10%, 18.7% and 12.6%, respectively.

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Availability of Data and Material

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

Abbreviations

B :

Magnetic induction intensity, (T)

c :

Volume fraction of the discrete phase

c p :

Specific heat, (J/kg·K)

d :

Distance, (m)

e :

Heat flux enhancement ratio

F σ :

Surface tension, (N/m2)

F m :

Magnetic force, (N/m2)

g :

Gravitational acceleration, (m/s2)

H :

Magnetic field intensity, (A/m)

H(ϕ):

Smooth Heaviside function

h lv :

Latent heat of vaporization, (J/kg)

ṁ :

Mass transfer rate, (kg/m3.s)

p :

Pressure, (pa)

\(\dot{\text{q}}\) :

Heat flux that causes the phase change at the phase interface, (W/m2)

T :

Temperature, (℃)

u :

Velocity, (m/s)

β T :

Volume expansion coefficient

δ(ϕ):

Dirac delta function

η :

Dynamic viscosity, (kg/m·s)

λ :

Thermal conductivity, (W/m·K)

μ :

Magnetic permeability, (H/m)

μ 0 :

Vacuum permeability, μ0 = 4π × 10–7 H/m

ρ :

Density, (kg/m3)

σ :

Surface tension coefficient, (N/m)

Γ :

Phase interface

ϕ :

Level Set function

φ :

Volume concentration of nanoparticles

χ :

Magnetic susceptibility

ψ :

Magnetic potential, (At)

Ω :

Control volume unit

e :

Earth

v :

Discrete phase

l :

Continuous phase

mix :

Mixture phase

p :

Magnetic nanoparticles

w :

Wall

MNF:

Magnetic nanofluid

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Funding

The authors acknowledge the support from the joint fund between the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under the grant of U1738105.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facility Design & Instrumentation Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang, 621000, China

    Kaikai Guo

  2. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

    Huixiong Li

  3. North Institute of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Xianyang, 712099, China

    Yuan Feng

  4. School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, People’s Republic of China

    Tai Wang

  5. CAS Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China

    Jianfu Zhao

  6. School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Jianfu Zhao

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  1. Kaikai Guo
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Contributions

Kaikai Guo and Huixiong Li proposed the conceptualization; Kaikai Guo was responsible for the original draft preparation; Yuan Feng and Tai Wang reviewed and edited the original draft; Jianfu Zhao supervised the research of the paper and gave suggestions for revision. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kaikai Guo or Huixiong Li.

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Guo, K., Li, H., Feng, Y. et al. Coupling Enhancement Effect of the Magnetic Field and Wall Superheat on Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of Magnetic Nanofluid (MNF) under Reduced Gravity. Microgravity Sci. Technol. 35, 4 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-022-10025-w

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