Abstract
Investigations under simulated microgravity offer the opportunity for a better understanding of the influence of altered gravity on cells and the scaffold-free three-dimensional (3D) tissue formation. To investigate the short-term influence, human chondrocytes were cultivated for 2 h, 4 h, 16 h, and 24 h on a 2D Fast-Rotating Clinostat (FRC) in DMEM/F-12 medium supplemented with 10 % FCS. We detected holes in the vimentin network, perinuclear accumulations of vimentin after 2 h, and changes in the chondrocytes shape visualised by F-actin staining after 4 h of FRC-exposure. Scaffold-free cultivation of chondrocytes for 7 d on the Random Positioning Machine (RPM), the FRC and the Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) resulted in spheroid formation, a phenomenon already known from spaceflight experiments with chondrocytes (MIR Space Station) and thyroid cancer cells (SimBox/Shenzhou-8 space mission). The experiments enabled by the ESA-CORA-GBF programme gave us an optimal opportunity to study gravity-related cellular processes, validate ground-based facilities for our chosen cell system, and prepare long-term experiments under real microgravity conditions in space
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Helmholtz Space Life Sciences Research School (SpaceLife), the German Aerospace Centre (DLR; (DG) BMWi project 50WB1124 and 50WB1524), the European Space Agency (ESA; CORA-GBF-2013-004 with Acronym Cartilage) (DG), Aarhus University, Denmark (DG), and DGLRM (Young Fellow Programme for GA). The data in this publication are part of the PhD thesis of Dipl.-Ing. Ganna Aleshcheva.
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Aleshcheva, G., Bauer, J., Hemmersbach, R. et al. Tissue Engineering of Cartilage on Ground-Based Facilities. Microgravity Sci. Technol. 28, 237–245 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-015-9479-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-015-9479-0