Abstract
Flow boiling in micro-channels and mini-channels has received significant attention due to its capability for dissipating highflux heat, especially in the thermal management of high precision electronics. A heat sink with narrow rectangular mini-channels is designed to investigate flow boiling in the mini-channels, including the effect of gravity. It contains 14 parallel channels with a cross section, of 1×4mm 2, of which the hydraulic diameter is 1.6mm. The cooling capability, the temperature uniformity, and the temperature stability of the flow boiling in minichannels are investigated with R22, with total mass flow flux ranges from 35 to 70kg/m 2s. The results show that the cooling capability of the heat- sink is up to 340W(∼ 3.0W/cm 2), and the temperature difference is below 4 ∘C(even down to 2 ∘C) on the heat sink. The temperature uniformity isn’t quite sensitive to heat flux. The instability has not been observed in the present researches.
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Abbreviations
- \( Bo (=\frac {(\rho _{l}-\rho _{v})g{d_{i}^{2}}}{\sigma }) \) :
-
Bond number
- \(We (=\frac {\rho _{m}{u_{m}^{2}}d_{i}}{\sigma }=\frac {G^{2}d_{i}}{\rho _{m}\sigma })\) :
-
Weber number
- \(Fr (=\sqrt {\frac {We}{Bo}})\) :
-
Froude number
- d i :
-
hydraulic diameter[m]
- f:
-
friction factor
- G:
-
the mean mass flow flux of single mini-channel [kg/m2s]
- g:
-
gravitational acceleration[m/s2]
- h:
-
local heat transfer coefficient [W/m2K]; enthalpy [J/kg]
- k:
-
thermal conductivity [W/mK]
- u:
-
velocity[m/s]
- T:
-
temperature[°C]
- T̄:
-
mean temperature of the test point on the evaporator[°C]
- Q:
-
power[W]
- q:
-
heat flux[W/m2]
- P:
-
pressure [Pa]
- \( R (=\frac {\Delta T}{Q}=\frac {\bar {T}-T_{sat}}{Q}) \) :
-
thermal resistance[°C/W] Greek symbols
- ρ :
-
density[kg/m3]
- σ :
-
surface tension
- Subscripts:
-
ᅟ
- m:
-
mixture properties of two-phase fluid
- l:
-
liquid phase
- v :
-
vapor phase
- sat:
-
saturation
- PUMP_IN:
-
the inlet of micro pump
- PUMP_OUT:
-
the outlet of micro pump
- PRE_HEAT:
-
the outlet of pre-heater
- COND_IN:
-
the inlet of condenser
- COND_OUT:
-
the outlet of condenser
- ACC_BOT:
-
the bottom of accumulator
- ACC_MID:
-
the middle of accumulator
- ACC_OUT:
-
the outlet of accumulator
- EVA_IN:
-
the inlet of evaporator
- EVA_OUT:
-
the outlet of evaporator
- EVA_1_EVA_5:
-
different test point on the evaporator
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (Grant No.51006126).
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Wu, W., Zhang, M.T., Zhang, X.B. et al. Experimental Investigation of Flow Boiling in Parallel Mini-channels. Microgravity Sci. Technol. 27, 273–279 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-015-9450-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-015-9450-0