Abstract
Recent measurements of the temperature profiles across the liquid-vapor interface of a steady evaporating liquid were performed in a thin planar liquid layer subjected to externally imposed horizontal temperature differences when the interface was open to air. Temperature discontinuities have been found to exist at the interface with an growing tendency as the imposed horizontal temperature difference increasing. Under the co-influence of thermocapillary convection and evaporation effect, a thin layer of 0.5 mm thick with approximate uniform temperature was found just below the liquid-vapor interface. Repeated experiments and further comparisons of the interfacial temperature profiles for different spatial positions along the streamwise center line and varying depths of the liquid layer were also carried out. And the temperature discontinuity was found related to the temperature in liquid phase, which was strongly influenced by the coupling of thermocapillary convection and evaporation effect.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Badam, V.K., Kumar, V., Durst, F., Danov, K.: Experimental and theoretical investigations on interfacial temperature jumps during evaporation. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 32(1), 276–292 (2007)
Duan, F., Ward, C.A.: Surface excess properties from energy transport measurements during water evaporation. Phys. Rev. E 72, 056302 (2005a)
Duan, F., Ward, C.A.: Surface-thermal capacity of D2O from mesurements made during steady-state evaporation. Phys. Rev. E 72, 056304 (2005b)
Duan, F., Badam, V.K., Durst, F., Ward, C.A.: Thermocapillary transport of energy during water evaporation. Phys. Rev. E 72, 056303 (2005)
Fang, G., Ward, C.A.: Temperature measured close to the interface of an evapoariting liquid. Phys. Rev. E 59(1), 417–428 (1999a)
Fang, G., Ward, C.A.: Examination of the statistical rate theory expression for liquid evaporation rates. Phys. Rev. E 59(1), 441–453 (1999b)
Hertz, H.: Über die Verdungstung der Flussigkeiten, inbesondere des Quecksilbers, im luftleeren Raume. Ann. Phys. Chem. 17, 177–200 (1882)
Ji, Y., Liu, Q.S.: Coupling of evaporation and thermocapillary convection in a liquid layer with mass and heat exchanging interface. Chin. Phys. Lett. 25(2), 608–611 (2008)
Knudsen, M.: Die Maximale Verdampfungsgeschwindigkeit des Quecksilbers. Ann. Phys. Chem. 47, 697–708 (1915)
McGaughey, A.J.H., Ward, C.A.: Temperature discontinuity at the surface of an evaporating droplet. J. Appl. Phys. 91(10), 6406–6415 (2002)
Popov, S., Melling, A., Durst, F., Ward, C.A.: Apparatus for investigation of evaporation at free liquid-vapour interfaces. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 48, 2299–2309 (2005)
Saada, M.A., Chikh, S., Tadrist, L.: Evaporation of a sessile drop with pinned or receding contact line on a substrate with different thermophysical properties. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 58, 197–208 (2013)
Smith, M.K., Davis, S.H.: Instabilities of dynamic thermocapillary liquid layers. Part 1. convective instabilities. J. Fluid Mech. 132, 119–144 (1983a)
Smith, M.K., Davis, S.H.: Instabilities of dynamic thermocapillary liquid layers. Part 2. surface-wave instabilities. J. Fluid Mech. 132, 145–162 (1983b)
Stefan, J.: Über die Theorie der Eisbildung, insbesondere über der Eisbildung in Polarmäre. Ann. Phys. Chem. 42, 269 (1891)
Ward, C.A., Fang, G.: Expression for predicting liquid evaporation flux: Statistical rate theory approach. Phys. Rev. E 59(1), 429–440 (1999)
Ward, C.A., Stanga, D.: Interfacial conditions during evaporation or condensation of water. Phys. Rev. E 64, 051509 (2001)
Ward, C.A., Duan, F.: Turbulent transition of thermocapillary flow induced by water evaporation. Phys. Rev. E 69(5), 056308 (2004)
Yamamura, M., Nagai, K., Kajiwara, T., Adachi, K.: Stripe pattern breakup in evaporating liquid layer on a plane with horizontal temperature gradient. Chem. Eng. Process. 42, 395–402 (2003)
Zhu, Z.Q., Liu, Q.S.: Coupling of thermocapillary convection and evaporation effect in a liquid layer when the evaporating interface is open to air. Chin. Sci. Bull. 55(3), 233–238 (2010)
Acknowledgments
This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 11072249 and No. 50890182) and the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA04073000 and XDA04020202-2).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, ZQ., Liu, QS. Interfacial Temperature Discontinuities in a Thin Liquid Layer during Evaporation. Microgravity Sci. Technol. 25, 243–249 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-013-9352-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-013-9352-y