Skip to main content
Log in

Astrophysical Microgravity Experiments with Dust Particles

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Microgravity Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Dust particles play an important role in astrophysics. Experiments can help to describe their mutual interactions as well as their interactions with an ambient gas flow or a field of electromagnetic radiation. In many cases, these experiments are not feasible in the laboratory, owing to the overwhelming effect of gravity. Then, only microgravity experiments can help to uncover the physics behind dust interactions. In this article, I will review the dust experiments, which we performed in the Bremen drop tower during the past years. These experiments have helped us to better understand the role of solid particles in planet-forming regions, on the surfaces of small solar-system bodies, and in Saturn’s rings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beresnev, S., Chernyak, V., Fornyagin, G.: Photophoresis of a spherical particle in a rarefied gas. Phys. Fluid A 5, 2043–2052 (1993)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, J.: Grain growth and coagulation. In: Witt, A., Clayton, G., Draine B. (eds.) Astrophysics of Dust. ASP Conference Series, vol. 309, pp. 369–391 (2004)

  • Blum, J.: Dust agglomeration. Adv. Phys. 55, 881–947 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, J., Wurm, G.: Experiments on sticking, restructuring and fragmentation of preplanetary dust aggregates. Icarus 143, 138–146 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, J., Schnaiter, M., Wurm, G., Rott, M.: The de-agglomeration and dispersion of small dust particles—principles and applications. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 589–595 (1996a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, J., Wurm, G., Kempf, S., Henning, Th.: The Brownian motion of dust particles in the Solar Nebula—an experimental approach to the problem of pre-planetary dust aggregation. Icarus 124, 441–451 (1996b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, J., Wurm, G., Poppe, T., Kempf, S., Fiethe, B., Giel, M., Offterdinger, P., Neuhaus, D., Rott, M., Giovane, F., Gustafson, B.: The cosmic dust aggregation experiment CODAG. Meas. Sci. Technol. 10, 836–844 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, J., Wurm, G., Kempf, S., Poppe, T., Klahr, H., Kozasa, T., Rott, M., Henning, T., Dorschner, J., Schräpler, R., Keller, H.U., Markiewicz, W.J., Mann, I., Gustafson, B.A.S., Giovane, F., Neuhaus, D., Fechtig, H., Grün, E., Feuerbacher, B., Kochan, H., Ratke, L., El Goresy, A., Morfill, G., Weidenschilling, S.J., Schwehm, G., Metzler, K., Ip, W.-H.: Growth and form of planetary seedlings: results from a microgravity aggregation experiment. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2426–2429 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, J., Bruns, S., Rademacher, D., Voss, A., Willenberg, B., Krause, M.: Measurement of the translational and rotational Brownian motion of individual particles in a rarefied gas in the transition region between ballistic and diffusive motion. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 230601 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, J., Schräpler, R., Poppe, T., Borst, G.: Handling of particulate solids on the international space station. Granul. Matter 10, 323–328 (2008a)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, J., Levasseur-Regourd, A.C., Muñoz, O., Slobodrian, R.J., Vedernikov, A.: Dust in space. Europhys. News 39, 27–29 (2008b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broersma, S.: Rotational diffusion constant of a cylindrical particle. J. Chem. Phys. 32, 1626–1631 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R.: A brief account of microscopical observations made in the months of June, July and August 1827, on the particles contained in the pollen of plants; and on the general existence of active molecules in organic and inorganic bodies. Philos. Mag. (Series 2) 4(21), 161–173 (1828)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brucks, A., Richter, L., Vincent, J.-B., Blum, J.: Effect of reduced-gravity conditions on the flowability of granular media. In: Earth & Space 2008: Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environment, 3–5 March 2008, Long Beach, USA

  • Cuzzi, J., Clark, R., Filacchione, G., French, R., Johnson, R., Marouf, E., Spilker, L.: Ring particle composition and size distribution. In: Dougherty, M.K., Esposito, L.W., Krimigis, S.M. (eds.) Saturn from Cassini–Huygens, pp. 459–509. Springer, Berlin (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Daisaka, H., Ida, S.: Spatial structure and coherent motion in dense planetary rings induced by self-gravitational instability. Earth Planets Space 51, 1195–1213 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Einstein, A.: Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen. Ann. Phys. 322, 549–560 (1905)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, P.: On the resistance experienced by spheres in their motion through gases. Phys. Rev. 22, 710–733 (1924)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldhirsch, I., Zanetti, D.: Clustering instability in dissipative gases. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1619–1622 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Güttler, C., Blum, J., Zsom, A., Ormel, C.W., Dullemond, C.P.: The outcome of protoplanetary dust growth: pebbles, boulders, or planetesimals? I. Mapping the zoo of laboratory collision experiments. Astron. Astrophys. 513, A56 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haff, P.K.: Grain flow as a fluid-mechanical phenomenon. J. Fluid Mech. 134, 401–430 (1983)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Heim, L.-O., Blum, J., Preuss, M., Butt, H.-J.: Adhesion and friction forces between spherical micrometer-sized particles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(16), 3328–3331 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heißelmann, D., Blum, J., Fraser, H., Wolling, K.: Microgravity experiments on the collisional behavior of Saturnian ring particles. Icarus 206, 424–430 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmeister, P., Blum, J., Heißelmann, D.: The flow of granular matter under reduced-gravity conditions. In: Nakagawa, M., Luding, S. (eds.) Powders & Grains 2009: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media. AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1145, pp. 71–74 (2009)

  • Kanetakis, J., Tölle, A., Sillescu, H.: Rotational diffusion of colloid spheres in concentrated suspensions studied by deuteron NMR. Phys. Rev. E 55, 3006–3014 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, M., Blum, J.: Growth and form of planetary seedlings: results from a sounding rocket microgravity aggregation experiment. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 021103 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krauss, O., Wurm, G.: Photophoresis and the pile-up of dust in young circumstaller disks. Astrophys. J. 630, 1088–1092 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langkowski, D., Teiser, J., Blum, J.: The physics of protoplanetesimal dust agglomerates II. Low velocity collision properties. Astrophys. J. 675, 764–776 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magda, J.J., Davis, H.T., Tirrell, M.: The transport properties of rod-like particles via molecular dynamics. I. Bulk fluid. J. Chem. Phys. 85, 6674–6685 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mercedes Tirado, M., López Martínez, C., García de la Torre, J.: Comparison of theories for the translational and rotational diffusion coefficients of rod-like macromolecules. Application to short DNA fragments. J. Chem. Phys. 81, 2047–2052 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paszun, C., Dominik, D.: The influence of grain rotation on the structure of dust aggregates. Icarus 182, 274–280 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poppe, T., Blum, J., Henning, Th.: Generating a jet of deagglomerated small particles in vacuum. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 2529–2533 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, J., Ohtsuki, K., Rappaport, N., Salo, H., Spahn, F.: Dynamics of Saturn’s dense rings. In: Dougherty, M.K., Esposito, L.W., Krimigis, S.M. (eds.) Saturn from Cassini–Huygens, pp. 413–458. Springer, Berlin (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Steinbach, J., Blum, J., Krause, M.: Development of an optical trap for microparticle clouds in dilute gases. Eur. Phys. J. E 15, 287–291 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiscareno, M.S., Burns, J.A., Hedman, M.M., Porco, C.C., Weiss, J.W., Dones, L., Richardson, D.C., Murray, C.D.: 100-metre-diameter moonlets in Saturn’s A ring from observations of “propeller” structures. Nature 440, 648–650 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uhlenbeck, G.E., Ornstein, L.S.: On the theory of the Brownian motion. Phys. Rev. 36, 823–841 (1930)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valiev, K.A., Ivanov, E.N.: Reviews of topical problems: rotational Brownian motion. Sov. Phys. Usp. 16, 1–16 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vedernikov, A.A.: Dust cloud manipulation in microgravity: positioning, squeezing and trapping. In: European Aerosol Conference 2009, Karlsruhe, Abstract T078A01 (2009)

  • Verbiscer, A.J., Skrutskie, M.F., Hamilton, D.P.: Saturn’s largest ring. Nature 461, 1098–1100 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weidenschilling, S.J., Cuzzi, J.N.: Formation of planetesimals in the solar nebula. In: Levy, E.H., Lunine, J.I. (eds.) Protostars and Planets III, pp. 1031–1060 (1993)

  • Wurm, G., Krauss, O.: Concentration and sorting of chondrules and CAIs in the late Solar Nebula. Icarus 180, 487–495 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zsom, A., Ormel, C.W., Güttler, C., Blum, J., Dullemond, C.P.: The outcome of protoplanetary dust growth: pebbles, boulders, or planetesimals? II. Introducing the bouncing barrier. Astron. Astrophys. 513, A57 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jürgen Blum.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

(MPEG 7.12 MB)

(MPEG 1.67 MB)

(MPEG 5.95 MB)

(MPEG 8.72 MB)

(MPEG 2.93 MB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Blum, J. Astrophysical Microgravity Experiments with Dust Particles. Microgravity Sci. Technol. 22, 517–527 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-010-9236-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-010-9236-3

Keywords

Navigation