Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The key role of BeppoSAX in the GRB history

  • A decade of AGILE
  • Published:
Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Twenty years have already been elapsed from the BeppoSAX discovery of the first afterglow of a Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) in February 28, 1997. Thanks to this discovery, it was possible to unveil the 30 year mystery about GRB origin: GRBs are huge explosions in galaxies at cosmological distances. Starting from the first GRB detection with Vela satellites, I will review the main results obtained before BeppoSAX, the story of the BeppoSAX discovery of the GRB afterglow with the consequent cosmological distance determination, the main BeppoSAX results, and those obtained after the BeppoSAX era until nowadays with the still open problems and prospects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott TD, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Adya VB (2017) Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger. ApJ 848:L12

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Arimoto M, Asano K, Atwood WB, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Band DL, Barbiellini G (2009) Fermi observations of high-energy gamma-ray emission from GRB 080916C. Science 323:1688

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ackermann M, Ajello M, Asano K, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Baring MG (2011) Detection of a spectral break in the extra hard component of GRB 090926A. ApJ 729:114

    Google Scholar 

  • Amati L, Della Valle M (2013) Measuring cosmological parameters with gamma ray bursts. Int J Mod Phys D 22:1330028

    Google Scholar 

  • Amati L, Cinti MN, Feroci M, Costa E, Frontera F, dal Fiume D, Collina P, Nicastro L, Orlandini M, Palazzi E, Rapisarda M, Zavattini G (1997) BeppoSAX GRBM on-ground calibration data analysis. In: Siegmund OH, Gummin MA (ed) Society of photo-optical instrumentation engineers (SPIE) conference series, presented at the society of photo-optical instrumentation engineers (SPIE) Conference, vol. 3114, pp 176–185

  • Amati L, Frontera F, Vietri M, in’t Zand JJM, Soffitta P, Costa E, Del Sordo S, Pian E, Piro L, Antonelli LA, Dal Fiume D, Feroci M, Gandolfi G, Guidorzi C, Heise J, Kuulkers E, Masetti N, Montanari E, Nicastro L, Orlandini M, Palazzi E (2000) Discovery of a transient absorption edge in the X-ray spectrum of GRB 990705. Science 290:953–955

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amati L, Frontera F, Tavani M, in’t Zand JJM, Antonelli A, Costa E, Feroci M, Guidorzi C, Heise J, Masetti N, Montanari E, Nicastro L, Palazzi E, Pian E, Piro L, Soffitta P (2002) Intrinsic spectra and energetics of BeppoSAX gamma-ray bursts with known redshifts. A&A 390:81–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Amati L, O’Brien P, Götz D, Bozzo E, Tenzer C, Frontera F, Ghirlanda G, Labanti C, Osborne JP, Stratta G, Tanvir N, Willingale R (2018) The THESEUS space mission concept: science case, design and expected performances. Adv Space Res 62:191–244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atwood WB, Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Althouse W, Anderson B (2009) The large area telescope on the fermi gamma-ray space telescope mission. ApJ 697:1071–1102. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/1071

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barat C, Chambon G, Hurley K, Niel M, Vedrenne G, Estulin IV, Kuznetsov AV, Zenchenko VM (1981) A review of recent results from the Franco-Soviet SIGNE gamma-burst experiments. Ap&SS 75:83–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Berezhiani Z, Bombaci I, Drago A, Frontera F, Lavagno A (2003) Gamma-ray bursts from delayed collapse of neutron stars to quark matter stars. ApJ 586:1250–1253

    Google Scholar 

  • Boella G, Butler RC, Perola GC, Piro L, Scarsi L, Bleeker JAM (1997) BeppoSAX, the wide band mission for X-ray astronomy. A&AS 122:299–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler NR, Kocevski D, Bloom JS (2009) Generalized tests for selection effects in gamma-ray burst high-energy correlations. ApJ 694:76–83

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa E, Feroci M, Frontera F, Zavattini G, Nicastro L, Palazzi E, Spoliti G, di Ciolo L, Coletta A, D’Andreta G, Muller JM, Jager R, Heise J, in ’t Zand J (1997a) GRB 970228. IAU Circ., 6572

  • Costa E, Frontera F, Heise J, Feroci M, in ’t Zand J, Fiore F, Cinti MN, dal Fiume D, Nicastro L, Orlandini M, Palazzi E, Rapisarda M, Zavattini G, Jager R, Parmar A, Owens A, Molendi S, Cusumano G, Maccarone MC, Giarrusso S, Coletta A, Antonelli LA, Giommi P, Muller JM, Piro L, Butler RC (1997) Discovery of an X-ray afterglow associated with the gamma-ray burst of 28 February 1997. Nature 387:783–785

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa E, Frontera F, dal Fiume D, Amati L, Cinti MN, Collina P, Feroci M, Nicastro L, Orlandini M, Palazzi E, Rapisarda M, Zavattini G (1998) The gamma-ray bursts monitor onboard SAX. Adv Space Res 22:1129–1132

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa E, Frontera F (2011) Gamma Ray Burst origin and their afterglow: story of a discovery and more. ArXiv e-prints

  • Daigne F, Mochkovitch R (1998) Gamma-ray bursts from internal shocks in a relativistic wind: temporal and spectral properties. MNRAS 296:275–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Dainotti MG, Del Vecchio R (2017) Gamma Ray Burst afterglow and prompt-afterglow relations: an overview. New A Rev 77:23–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2017.04.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Della Valle M, Chincarini G, Panagia N et al (2006) An enigmatic long-lasting \(\gamma\)-ray burst not accompanied by a bright supernova. Nature 444:1050–1052

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feroci M, Antonelli LA, Guainazzi M, Muller JM, Costa E, Piro L, in ’t Zand JJM, Frontera F, dal Fiume D, Nicastro L, Orlandini M, Palazzi E, Zavattini G, Giommi P, Parmar AN, Owens A, Castro-Tirado AJ, Maccarone MC, Butler RC (1998) BeppoSAX follow-up search for the X-ray afterglow of GRB970111. A&A 332:L29–L33

    Google Scholar 

  • Frail DA, Kulkarni SR, Costa E, Frontera F, Heise J, Feroci M, Piro L, Dal Fiume D, Nicastro L, Palazzi E, Jager R (1997a) Radio monitoring of the 1997 january 11 gamma-ray burst. ApJ 483:L91–L94

    Google Scholar 

  • Frail DA, Kulkarni SR, Nicastro L, Feroci M, Taylor GB (1997b) The radio afterglow from the \(\gamma\)-ray burst of 8 May 1997. Nature 389:261–263

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frontera F (2015) GRB afterglow discovery with Bepposax: its story 15 years later. In: Rosquist K (ed) Thirteenth marcel grossmann meeting: on recent developments in theoretical and experimental general relativity, astrophysics and relativistic field theories, pp 33–53

  • Frontera F, Amati L, Farinelli R, Dichiara S, Guidorzi C, Landi R, Titarchuk L (2016) Possible physical explanation of the intrinsic Ep, i-intensity correlation commonly used to standardize GRBs. Int J Mod Phys D 25:1630014

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frontera F, Costa E, dal Fiume D, Feroci M, Nicastro L, Orlandini M, Palazzi E, Zavattini G (1997) The high energy instrument PDS on-board the BeppoSAX X-ray astronomy satellite. A&AS 122:357–369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frontera F, Costa E, Piro L, Muller JM, Amati L, Feroci M, Fiore F, Pizzichini G, Tavani M, Castro-Tirado A, Cusumano G, dal Fiume D, Heise J, Hurley K, Nicastro L, Orlandini M, Owens A, Palazzi E, Parmar AN, in’t Zand J, Zavattini G (1998a) Spectral properties of the prompt X-ray emission and afterglow from the gamma-ray burst of 1997 February 28. ApJ 493:L67

    Google Scholar 

  • Frontera F, Greiner J, Antonelli LA, Costa E, Fiore F, Parmar AN, Piro L, Boller T, Voges W (1998b) High resolution imaging of the X-ray afterglow of GRB970228 with ROSAT. A&A 334:L69–L72

    Google Scholar 

  • Frontera F, Amati L, Lazzati D, Montanari E, Orlandini M, Perna R, Costa E, Feroci M, Guidorzi C, Kuulkers E, Masetti N, Nicastro L, Palazzi E, Pian E, Piro L (2004) A decreasing column density during the prompt emission from GRB 000528 observed with BeppoSAX. ApJ 614:301–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Frontera F, Guidorzi C, Montanari E, Rossi F, Costa E, Feroci M, Calura F, Rapisarda M, Amati L, Carturan D, Cinti MR, Dal Fiume D, Nicastro L, Orlandini M (2009) The gamma-ray burst catalog obtained with the gamma ray burst monitor aboard BeppoSAX. ApJS 180:192–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Frontera F, Amati L, Guidorzi C, Landi R, in’t Zand J (2012a) Broadband time-resolved E \(_{ p, i }\)-L \(_{iso}\) correlation in gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 754:138

    Google Scholar 

  • Frontera F, Amati L, Guidorzi C, Landi R, in’t Zand J (2012b) Erratum: ”Broadband Time-resolved e\(_{p, i}\) -l \(_{iso}\) Correlation in gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 757:107

    Google Scholar 

  • Galama TJ, Vreeswijk PM, van Paradijs J, Kouveliotou C, Augusteijn T, Böhnhardt H, Brewer JP, Doublier V, Gonzalez JF, Leibundgut B, Lidman C, Hainaut OR, Patat F, Heise J, in’t Zand J, Hurley K, Groot PJ, Strom RG, Mazzali PA, Iwamoto K, Nomoto K, Umeda H, Nakamura T, Young TR, Suzuki T, Shigeyama T, Koshut T, Kippen M, Robinson C, de Wildt P, Wijers RAMJ, Tanvir N, Greiner J, Pian E, Palazzi E, Frontera F, Masetti N, Nicastro L, Feroci M, Costa E, Piro L, Peterson BA, Tinney C, Boyle B, Cannon R, Stathakis R, Sadler E, Begam MC, Ianna P (1998) An unusual supernova in the error box of the \(\gamma\)-ray burst of 25 April 1998. Nature 395:670–672

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gehrels N, Cannizzo JK (2017) Explosions throughout the universe. Int J Mod Phys D 26:1730003

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gehrels N, Chincarini G, Giommi P, Mason KO, Nousek JA (2004) The swift gamma-ray burst mission. ApJ 611:1005–1020. https://doi.org/10.1086/422091

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gehrels N, Ramirez-Ruiz E, Fox DB (2009) Gamma-ray bursts in the swift era. ARA&A 47:567–617

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghirlanda G, Ghisellini G, Lazzati D (2004) The collimation-corrected gamma-ray burst energies correlate with the peak energy of their \(\nu\)F\(_{\nu }\) spectrum. ApJ 616:331–338

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghirlanda G, Nava L, Ghisellini G (2010) Spectral-luminosity relation within individual Fermi gamma rays bursts. A&A 511:A43

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomboc A (2012) Unveiling the secrets of gamma ray bursts. Contemp Phys 53:339–355

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman J (1986) Are gamma-ray bursts optically thick? ApJ 308:L47–L50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guilbert PW, Fabian AC, Rees MJ (1983) Spectral and variability constraints on compact sources. MNRAS 205:593–603

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heise J, Zand JI, Kippen RM, Woods PM (2001) X-Ray flashes and X-ray rich gamma ray bursts. In: Costa E, Frontera F, Hjorth J (eds) Gamma-ray Bursts in the afterglow Era: the proceedings of the international workshop held in Rome, Italy, 17–20 October 2000, ESO Astrophysical Symposia Series. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Hjorth J (2013) The supernova-gamma-ray burst-jet connection. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser A 371:20120275–20120275

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurley K (1986) Astronomical issues. In: Liang EP, Petrosian Y (eds) American Institute of Physics Conference Series, American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 141, pp 1–74

  • Izzo L, Rueda JA, Ruffini R (2012) GRB 090618: a candidate for a neutron star gravitational collapse onto a black hole induced by a type Ib/c supernova. A&A 548:L5. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201219813

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jager R, Mels WA, Brinkman AC, Galama MY, Goulooze H, Heise J, Lowes P, Muller JM, Naber A, Rook A, Schuurhof R, Schuurmans JJ, Wiersma G (1997) The wide field cameras onboard the BeppoSAX X-ray astronomy satellite. A&AS 125:557–572

    Google Scholar 

  • Klebesadel RW, Strong IB, Olson RA (1973) Observations of gamma-ray bursts of cosmic origin. ApJ 182:L85

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar P, Zhang B (2015) The physics of gamma-ray bursts relativistic jets. Phys Rep 561:1–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamb DQ (1995) The distance scale to gamma-ray bursts. PASP 107:1152

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamb DQ, Ricker GR, Atteia JL, Barraud C, Boer M (2004) Scientific highlights of the HETE-2 mission. New A Rev 48:423–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Floc’h E, Duc PA, Mirabel IF, Sanders DB, Bosch G, Rodrigues I, Courvoisier TJL, Mereghetti S, Melnick J (2002) Very large telescope and hubble space telescope observations of the host galaxy of GRB 990705. ApJ 581:L81–L84

    Google Scholar 

  • Margutti R, Zaninoni E, Bernardini MG, Chincarini G, Pasotti F, Guidorzi C, Angelini L, Burrows DN, Capalbi M, Evans PA, Gehrels N, Kennea J, Mangano V, Moretti A, Nousek J, Osborne JP, Page KL, Perri M, Racusin J, Romano P, Sbarufatti B, Stafford S, Stamatikos M (2013) The prompt-afterglow connection in gamma-ray bursts: a comprehensive statistical analysis of Swift X-ray light curves. MNRAS 428:729–742

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazets EP, Golenetskii SV (1988) Observations of cosmic gamma-ray bursts. Astrophys Space Phy Rev 6:281–311

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazets EP, Golenetskii SV, Ilinskii VN, Panov VN, Aptekar RL, Gurian IA, Proskura MP, Sokolov IA, Sokolova ZI, Kharitonova TV (1981) Catalog of cosmic gamma-ray bursts from the KONUS experiment data. I. Ap&SS 80:3–83

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meegan C, Lichti G, Bhat PN, Bissaldi E, Briggs MS (2009) The Fermi gamma-ray burst monitor. ApJ 702:791–804

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meszaros P, Rees MJ (2014) Gamma-Ray Bursts. ArXiv e-prints

  • Meszaros P, Rees MJ, Papathanassiou H (1994) Spectral properties of blast-wave models of gamma-ray burst sources. ApJ 432:181–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Metzger MR, Djorgovski SG, Kulkarni SR, Steidel CC, Adelberger KL, Frail DA, Costa E, Frontera F (1997) Spectral constraints on the redshift of the optical counterpart to the \(\gamma\)-ray burst of 8 May 1997. Nature 387:878–880

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan R, Paczynski B, Piran T (1992) Gamma-ray bursts as the death throes of massive binary stars. ApJ 395:L83–L86

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niel M, Hurley K, Vedrenne G, Estkhulin IV, Melioranskii AS (1976) The French-Russian 3 satellite gamma-burst experiment. Ap&SS 42:99–102

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paciesas WS, Meegan CA, Pendleton GN, Briggs MS, Kouveliotou C, Koshut TM, Lestrade JP, McCollough ML, Brainerd JJ, Hakkila J, Henze W, Preece RD, Connaughton V, Kippen RM, Mallozzi RS, Fishman GJ, Richardson GA, Sahi M (1999) The Fourth BATSE gamma-ray burst catalog (Revised). ApJS 122:465–495

    Google Scholar 

  • Paczynski B (1986) Gamma-ray bursters at cosmological distances. ApJ 308:L43–L46

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paczynski B (1995) How far away are gamma-ray bursters? PASP 17:1167

    Google Scholar 

  • Paczynski B (1998) Are gamma-ray bursts in star-forming regions? ApJ 494:L45

    Google Scholar 

  • Paczynski B, Xu G (1994) Neutrino bursts from gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 427:708–713

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pamini M, Natalucci L, dal Fiume D, Frontera F, Costa E (1990) The gamma-ray burst monitor on board the SAX satellite. Nuovo Cimento C Geophys Space Phys C 13:337–344

    Google Scholar 

  • Patat F, Cappellaro E, Danziger J, Mazzali PA, Sollerman J, Augusteijn T, Brewer J, Doublier V, Gonzalez JF, Hainaut O, Lidman C, Leibundgut B, Nomoto K, Nakamura T, Spyromilio J, Rizzi L, Turatto M, Walsh J, Galama TJ, van Paradijs J, Kouveliotou C, Vreeswijk PM, Frontera F, Masetti N, Palazzi E, Pian E (2001) The Metamorphosis of SN 1998bw. ApJ 555:900–917

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pélangeon A, Atteia JL, Nakagawa YE, Hurley K, Yoshida A, Vanderspek R, Suzuki M, Kawai N, Pizzichini G, Boër M, Braga J, Crew G, Donaghy TQ, Dezalay JP, Doty J, Fenimore EE, Galassi M, Graziani C, Jernigan JG, Lamb DQ, Levine A, Manchanda J, Martel F, Matsuoka M, Olive JF, Prigozhin G, Ricker GR, Sakamoto T, Shirasaki Y, Sugita S, Takagishi K, Tamagawa T, Villasenor J, Woosley SE, Yamauchi M (2008) Intrinsic properties of a complete sample of HETE-2 gamma-ray bursts. A measure of the GRB rate in the Local Universe. A&A 491:157–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Piro L, Amati L, Antonelli LA, Butler RC, Costa E, Cusumano G, Feroci M, Frontera F, Heise J, in ’t Zand JJM, Molendi S, Muller J, Nicastro L, Orlandini M, Owens A, Parmar AN, Soffitta P, Tavani M (1998a) Evidence for a late-time outburst of the X-ray afterglow of GB970508 from BeppoSAX. A&A 331:L41–L44

    Google Scholar 

  • Piro L, Heise J, Jager R, Costa E, Frontera F, Feroci M, Muller JM, Amati L, Cinti MN, dal Fiume D, Nicastro L, Orlandini M, Pizzichini G (1998b) The first X-ray localization of a gamma-ray burst by BeppoSAX and its fast spectral evolution. A&A 329:906–910

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapisarda M, Amati L, Cinti MN, Feroci M, Costa E, Collina P, Zavattini G, Frontera F, Nicastro L, Orlandini M, Palazzi E, dal Fiume D (1997) Gamma-ray burst monitor on board BeppoSAX: the Monte Carlo simulation for the response matrix. In: Siegmund OH, Gummin MA (eds) Proc. SPIE Vol. 3114, p 198-205, EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, Oswald H. Siegmund; Mark A. Gummin; Eds., pp. 198–205

  • Rees MJ (1995) Concluding remarks. PASP 107:1176. https://doi.org/10.1086/133675

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffini R, Bianco CL, Fraschetti F, Xue SS, Chardonnet P (2001) On the interpretation of the burst structure of gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 555:L113–L116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffini R, Rueda JA, Muccino M, Aimuratov Y, Becerra LM, Bianco CL, Kovacevic M, Moradi R, Oliveira FG, Pisani GB, Wang Y (2016) On the classification of GRBs and their occurrence rates. ApJ 832:136

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahu KC, Livio M, Petro L, Macchetto FD, van Paradijs J, Kouveliotou C, Fishman GJ, Meegan CA, Groot PJ, Galama T (1997) The optical counterpart to \(\gamma\)-ray burst GRB970228 observed using the Hubble Space Telescope. Nature 387:476–478

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakamoto T, Lamb DQ, Kawai N, Yoshida A, Graziani C, Fenimore EE, Donaghy TQ, Matsuoka M, Suzuki M, Ricker G, Atteia JL, Shirasaki Y, Tamagawa T, Torii K, Galassi M, Doty J, Vanderspek R, Crew GB, Villasenor J, Butler N, Prigozhin G, Jernigan JG, Barraud C, Boer M, Dezalay JP, Olive JF, Hurley K, Levine A, Monnelly G, Martel F, Morgan E, Woosley SE, Cline T, Braga J, Manchanda R, Pizzichini G, Takagishi K, Yamauchi M (2005) Global characteristics of X-ray flashes and X-ray-rich gamma-ray bursts observed by HETE-2. ApJ 629:311–327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sari R, Piran T, Narayan R (1998) Spectra and light curves of gamma-ray burst afterglows. ApJ 497:L17

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanek KZ, Matheson T, Garnavich PM, Martini P, Berlind P, Caldwell N, Challis P, Brown WR, Schild R, Krisciunas K, Calkins ML, Lee JC, Hathi N, Jansen RA, Windhorst R, Echevarria L, Eisenstein DJ, Pindor B, Olszewski EW, Harding P, Holland ST, Bersier D (2003) Spectroscopic discovery of the supernova 2003dh associated with GRB 030329. ApJ 591:L17–L20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tavani M, Barbiellini G, Argan A, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P (2008) The AGILE space mission. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A 588:52–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.01.023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Paradijs J, Groot PJ, Galama T, Kouveliotou C, Strom RG, Telting J, Rutten RGM, Fishman GJ, Meegan CA, Pettini M, Tanvir N, Bloom J, Pedersen H, Nordgaard-Nielsen HU, Linden-Vornle M, Melnick J, van der Steene G, Bremer M, Naber R, Heise J, in ’t Zand J, Costa E, Feroci M, Piro L, Frontera F, Zavattini G, Nicastro L, Palazzi E, Bennet K, Hanlon L, Parmar A (1997) Transient optical emission from the error box of the gamma-ray burst of 28 February 1997. Nature 386:686–689

    Google Scholar 

  • Vietri M, Stella L (1998) A gamma-ray burst model with small baryon contamination. ApJ 507:L45–L48

    Google Scholar 

  • Waxman E, Mészáros P, Campana S (2007) GRB 060218: a relativistic supernova shock breakout. ApJ 667:351–357. https://doi.org/10.1086/520715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wijers RAMJ, Rees MJ, Meszaros P (1997) Shocked by GRB 970228: the afterglow of a cosmological fireball. MNRAS 288:L51–L56

    Google Scholar 

  • Woosley SE (1993) Gamma-ray bursts from stellar mass accretion disks around black holes. ApJ 405:273–277

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yonetoku D, Murakami T, Nakamura T, Yamazaki R, Inoue AK, Ioka K (2004) Gamma-ray burst formation rate inferred from the spectral peak energy-peak luminosity relation. ApJ 609:935–951

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang B (2011) Open questions in GRB physics. Comptes Rendus Phys 12:206–225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang BB, Zhang B, Liang EW, Fan YZ, Wu XF, Pe’er A, Maxham A, Gao H, Dong YM (2011) A comprehensive analysis of fermi gamma-ray burst data. I. Spectral components and the possible physical origins of LAT/GBM GRBs. ApJ 730:141

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat, 1, 44122, Ferrara, Italy

    Filippo Frontera

  2. INAF/OAS, Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy

    Filippo Frontera

Authors
  1. Filippo Frontera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Filippo Frontera.

Additional information

Pblisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This paper is the peer-reviewed version of a contribution selected among those presented at the Conference on Gamma-Ray Astrophysics with the AGILE Satellite held at Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Rome on December 11–13, 2017.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Frontera, F. The key role of BeppoSAX in the GRB history. Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei 30 (Suppl 1), 171–184 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-019-00766-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-019-00766-z

Keyword

Search

Navigation