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Synthesis and Optimization of TiO2/Graphene with Exposed {001} Facets Based on Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

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Abstract

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the control parameters of TiO2/graphene with exposed {001} facets during synthesis, and its enhanced photocatalytic activities were evaluated in the photodegradation of toluene. Experimental results were in good agreement with the predicted results obtained using RSM with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9345. When 22.06 mg of graphite oxide (GO) and 2.09 mL of hydrofluoric acid (HF) were added and a hydrothermal time of 28 h was used, a maximum efficiency in the degradation of toluene was achieved. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the obtained hybrid photocatalyst. The electron transferred between Ti and C retarded the combination of electron–hole pairs and hastened the transferring of electrons, which enhanced the photocatalytic activity.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21406164, 21466035 and 51203111), the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Program, Nos. 2012CB720100 and 2014CB239300).

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Author notes

  1. Yifei Wang, and Zhiyang Zhang have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Yifei Wang

  2. Tianjin Metro Group Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300010, China

    Yifei Wang

  3. China Energy Engineering Group Liaoning Electric Power Survey & Design Institute Co., Ltd, Shenyang, 110005, China

    Zhiyang Zhang

  4. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Qianqian Shang

  5. School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China

    Xin Tan

  6. School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Hongmei Wang

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  1. Yifei Wang
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  2. Zhiyang Zhang
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  3. Qianqian Shang
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  4. Xin Tan
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  5. Hongmei Wang
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Correspondence to Hongmei Wang.

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Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Shang, Q. et al. Synthesis and Optimization of TiO2/Graphene with Exposed {001} Facets Based on Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. Trans. Tianjin Univ. 24, 415–423 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-018-0124-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-018-0124-z

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