Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Oxidation of Lingwu coal extraction residue in aqueous sodium hypochlorite under mild conditions

  • Published:
Transactions of Tianjin University Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To investigate the structural features and provide an alternative method for high value-added utilization of coal, Lingwu coal was first extracted with organic solvent at room temperature. Then its extraction residue was oxidized in aqueous sodium hypochlorite (ASHC) under mild conditions. The effects of oxidation conditions, such as temperature, reaction time, the ratio of Lingwu coal extraction residue (LCER, g) to ASHC (mL) and pH value, on the product distributions and compositions were investigated. The results of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) suggested that 53 kinds of methyl esterified products were detected in total, and benzene carboxylic acids were the main oxidation products, while chloro-substituted benzene carboxylic acids were the main by-products. Higher yield and fewer kinds of organic acids could be obtained at lower pH value, especially for the main objective product, benzene carboxylic acids.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mayo F R. Application of sodium hypochlorite oxidations to the structure of coal [J]. Fuel, 1975, 54(4): 273–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Mayo F R, Pavelkat L A, Hirschon A S et al. Extractions and reactions of coals below 100 °C. 4: Oxidations of Illinois No. 6 coal [J]. Fuel, 1988, 67(5): 612–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Miura K, Mae K, Okutsu H et al. New oxidative degradation method for producing fatty acids in high yields and high selectivity from low-rank coals[J]. Energy & Fuels, 1996, 10(6): 1196–1201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Guo S H, Li S Y, Qin K Z. Structural characterization of Chinese coal macerals by 13C nmr and ruthenium ion catalyzed oxidation [J]. Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2001, 23(1): 27–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Liu Z X, Liu Z C, Zong Z M et al. GC/MS analysis of water-soluble products from the mild oxidation of Longkou brown coal with H2O2 [J]. Energy & Fuels, 2003, 17(2): 424–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang T, Zhu X F. Conversion and kinetics of the oxidation of coal in supercritical water [J]. Energy & Fuels, 2004, 18(5): 1569–1572.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chakrabartty S K, Kretschmer H O. Studies on the structure of coals: Part1. The nature of aliphatic groups[J]. Fuel, 1972, 51(2): 160–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Mayo F R, Kirshen N A. Oxidations of coal by aqueous sodium hypochlorite[J]. Fuel, 1979, 58(10): 698–704.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Beall H, Howard B J, Vaughey J T. X-ray studies of coal oxidation [J]. Energy & Fuels, 1988, 2(5): 721–722.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Huang Y G, Zong Z M, Yao Z S et al. Ruthenium ioncatalyzed oxidation of Shenfu coal and its residues [J]. Energy & Fuels, 2008, 22(3): 1799–1806.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gonsalvi L, Arends I W C E, Moilanen P et al. The effect of pH control on the selective ruthenium-catalyzed oxidation of ethers and alcohols with sodium hypochlorite[J]. Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, 2003, 345(12): 1321–1328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yamada H, Tanabe K, Ito T et al. The pH effect on the naphthoquinone-photosensitized oxidation of 5-methycytosine [J]. Chemistry A European Journal, 2008, 14(33): 10453–10461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Yao Z S, Wei X Y, Lü J et al. Oxidation of Shenfu coal with RuO4 and NaOCl [J]. Energy & Fuels, 2010, 24(3): 1801–1808.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhao X Y, Zong Z M, Cao J P et al. Difference in chemical composition of carbon disulfide-extractable fraction between vitrinite and inertinite from Shenfu-Dongsheng and Pingshuo coals [J]. Fuel, 2008, 87(4/5): 565–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wei X Y, Wang X H, Zong Z M. Extraction of organonitrogen compounds from five Chinese coals with methanol [J]. Energy & Fuels, 2009, 23(10): 4848–4851.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu Z W, Zong Z M, Li J N et al. Isolation and identification of two bis(2-ethyheptyl) benzenedicarboxylates from Lingwu coal [J]. Energy & Fuels, 2009, 23(1): 588–590.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Butuzova L, Krzton A, Bazarova O. Structure and properties of humic acids obtained from thermo-oxidized brown coal [J]. Fuel, 1998, 77(6): 581–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Peuravuori J, Žbánková P, Pihlaja K. Aspects of structural features in lignite and lignite humic acids [J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2006, 87(9): 829–839.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Skhonde M P, Herod A A, Van der Walt T J. The effect of thermal treatment on the compositional structure of humic acids extracted from South African bituminous coal [J]. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2006, 81(1): 51–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Nasir S, Sarfaraz T B, Verheyen T V et al. Structural elucidation of humic acids extracted from Pakistani lignite using spectroscopic and thermal degradative techniques [J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2011, 92(5): 983–991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Gong G, Wei X Y, Zong Z M. Separation and analysis of the degradation products of two coal in aqueous NaOCl solution [J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2012, 40(1): 1–7 (in Chinese).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China

    Yunpeng Zhao  (赵云鹏), Zhimin Zong  (宗志敏), Jinna Li  (李金纳), Yuelun Wang  (王月伦), Xing Fan  (樊 星) & Xianyong Wei  (魏贤勇)

Authors
  1. Yunpeng Zhao  (赵云鹏)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhimin Zong  (宗志敏)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jinna Li  (李金纳)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yuelun Wang  (王月伦)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xing Fan  (樊 星)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xianyong Wei  (魏贤勇)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yunpeng Zhao  (赵云鹏).

Additional information

Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Program, No. 2011CB215302), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21206188 and 21106177), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2012M511339) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2011QNA23).

Zhao Yunpeng, born in 1981, male, Dr, associate Prof.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhao, Y., Zong, Z., Li, J. et al. Oxidation of Lingwu coal extraction residue in aqueous sodium hypochlorite under mild conditions. Trans. Tianjin Univ. 21, 19–25 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-015-2327-x

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-015-2327-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation