Abstract
The more unambiguous statement of the P versus NP problem and the judgement of its hardness, are the key ways to find the full proof of the P versus NP problem. There are two sub-problems in the P versus NP problem. The first is the classifications of different mathematical problems (languages), and the second is the distinction between a non-deterministic Turing machine (NTM) and a deterministic Turing machine (DTM). The process of an NTM can be a power set of the corresponding DTM, which proves that the states of an NTM can be a power set of the corresponding DTM. If combining this viewpoint with Cantor’s theorem, it is shown that an NTM is not equipotent to a DTM. This means that “generating the power set P(A) of a set A” is a non-canonical example to support that P is not equal to NP.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cook S. The P versus NP Problem. Official Problem Description[EB/OL]. http://www.claymath.org/millennium/P_vs_NP/pvsnp.pdf, 2000.
Encyclopaedia of China: Electronics and Computer[M]. Encyclopaedia of China Publishing House, Beijing, 1986 (in Chinese).
The Clay Mathematics Institute. P vs NP Problem [EB/OL]., http://www.,claymath.,org/millennium/P_vs_NP/, 2000.
Smale S. Mathematical problems for the next century[J]. Mathematical Intelligencer, 1998, 20(2): 7–15.
Seife C. What are the limits of conventional computing?[J]. Science, 2005, 309(5731): 96.
Gasarch W I. The P=?NP poll[J]. SIGACT News, 2002, 33(2): 34–47.
Allender E. A status report on the P versus NP question[J]. Advances in Computers, 2009, 77: 117–147.
Fortnow L. The status of the P versus NP problem[J]. Communications of the ACM, 2009, 52(9): 78–86.
Cook S. The importance of the P versus NP question[J]. Journal of the ACM, 2003, 50(1): 27–29.
Gassner C. Oracles and relativizations of the P =? NP question for several structures[J]. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 2009, 15(6): 1186–1205.
Manea F, Margenstern M, Mitrana V et al. A new characterization of NP, P, and PSPACE with accepting hybrid networks of evolutionary processors[J]. Theory of Computing Systems, 2010, 46(2): 174–192.
Mukund M. NP-Completeness not the same as separating P from NP[J]. Communications of the ACM, 2009, 52(4): 9.
Kuratowski K, Mostowski A. Set Theory[M]. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1976.
Hazewinkel M. Encyclopaedia of Mathematics: An Updated and Annotated Translation of the Soviet “Mathematical Encyclopaedia”[M]. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2001.
Hopcroft J E, Motwani R M, Ullman J D. Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation[M]. 3 edition. Addison Wesley, New Jersey, 2006.
Garey M R, Johnson D S. Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness[M]. New York: W. H. Freeman, 1979.
Nondeterministic, Turing, Machine[EB/OL]., http://mathworld.wolfram.com/NondeterministicTuringMachine.html, 2011.
Chaitin G J. Information-theoretic computational complexity [J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1974, 20(1): 10–15.
Encyclopaedia of China: Mathematics[M]. Encyclopaedia of China Publishing House, Beijing, 1988 (in Chinese).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
YANG Zhengling, born in 1964, male, Dr, associate Prof.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, Z. A non-canonical example to support P is not equal to NP. Trans. Tianjin Univ. 17, 446–449 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-011-1593-5
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-011-1593-5